X3270-SCRIPT(1) General Commands Manual X3270-SCRIPT(1)
NAME
Scripting Facilities for x3270, s3270 and c3270
SYNOPSIS
x3270 -script [ x3270-options ]
s3270 [ x3270-options ]
Script ( command [ ,arg... ] )
DESCRIPTION
The x3270 scripting facilities allow the interactive 3270 emulators x3270 and c3270 to be operated under the control of another program,
and form the basis for the script-only emulator s3270.
There are two basic scripting methods. The first is the peer script facility, invoked by the x3270 -script switch, and the default mode
for s3270. This runs x3270 or s3270 as a child of another process. Typically this would be a script using expect(1), perl(1), or the co-
process facility of the Korn Shell ksh(1). Inthis mode, the emulator process looks for commands on its standard input, and places the
responses on standard output and standard error output.
The second method is the child script facility, invoked by the Script action in x3270, c3270, or s3270. This runs a script as a child
process of the emulator. The child has access to pipes connected to the emulator; the emulator look for commands on one pipe, and places
the responses on the other. (The file descriptor of the pipe for commands to the emulator is passed in the environment variable
X3270INPUT; the file descriptor of the pipe for responses from the emulator is passed in the environment variable X3270OUTPUT.)
It is possible to mix the two methods. A script can invoke another script with the Script action, and may also be implicitly nested when a
script invokes the Connect action, and the ibm_hosts file specifies a login script for that host name.
Commands are emulator actions; the syntax is the same as for the right-hand side of an Xt translation table entry (an x3270 or c3270
keymap). Unlike translation tables, action names are case-insensitive, can be uniquely abbreviated, and the parentheses may be omitted if
there are no parameters.
Any emulator action may be specified. Several specific actions have been defined for use by scripts, and the behavior of certain other
actions (and of the emulators in general) is different when an action is initiated by a script.
Some actions generate output; some may delay completion until the certain external events occur, such as the host unlocking the keyboard.
The completion of every command is marked by a two-line message. The first line is the current status of the emulator, documented below.
If the command is successful, the second line is the string "ok"; otherwise it is the string "error".
STATUS FORMAT
The status message consists of 11 blank-separated fields:
1 Keyboard State
If the keyboard is unlocked, the letter U. If the keyboard is locked waiting for a response from the host, or if not connected to a
host, the letter L. If the keyboard is locked because of an operator error (field overflow, protected field, etc.), the letter E.
2 Screen Formatting
If the screen is formatted, the letter F. If unformatted or in NVT mode, the letter U.
3 Field Protection
If the field containing the cursor is protected, the letter P. If unprotected or unformatted, the letter U.
4 Connection State
If connected to a host, the string C(hostname). Otherwise, the letter N.
5 Emulator Mode
If connected in 3270 mode, the letter I. If connected in NVT line mode, the letter L. If connected in NVT character mode, the let-
ter C. If not connected, the letter N.
6 Model Number (2-5)
7 Number of Rows
The current number of rows defined on the screen. The host can request that the emulator use a 24x80 screen, so this number may be
smaller than the maximum number of rows possible with the current model.
8 Number of Columns
The current number of columns defined on the screen, subject to the same difference for rows, above.
9 Cursor Row
The current cursor row (zero-origin).
10 Cursor Column
The current cursor column (zero-origin).
11 Window ID
The X window identifier for the main x3270 window, in hexadecimal preceded by 0x. For s3270 and c3270, this is zero.
DIFFERENCES
When an action is initiated by a script, the emulators behave in several different ways:
If an error occurs in processing an ection, the usual pop-up window does not appear. Instead, the text is written to standard error out-
put.
If end-of-file is detected on standard input, the emulator exits. (A script can exit without killing the emulator by using the CloseScript
action, below.) Note that this applies to peer scripts only; end-of-file on the pipe connected to a child script simply causes the pipes
to be closed and the Script action to complete.
The Quit action always causes the emulator to exit. (When called from the keyboard, it will exit only if not connected to a host.)
The Clear, Enter, PF, and PA actions will not complete until the host unlocks the keyboard. If the parameter to a String action includes a
code for one these actions, it will also wait for the keyboard to unlock before completing. Similarly, the Script action does not complete
until end-of-file is detected on the pipe or the CloseScript action is called by the child process.
SCRIPT-SPECIFIC ACTIONS
The following actions have been defined or modified for use with scripts. (Note that unlike the display on the status line, row and col
coordinates used in these actions use [0,0] as their origin, not [1,1]).
AnsiText
Outputs whatever data that has been output by the host in NVT mode since the last time that AnsiText was called. The data is pre-
ceded by the string "data: ", and has had all control characters expanded into C backslash sequences.
This is a convenient way to capture NVT mode output in a synchronous manner without trying to decode the screen contents.
Ascii(row,col,rows,cols)
Ascii(row,col,length)
Ascii(length)
Ascii Outputs an ASCII text representation of the screen contents. Each line is preceded by the string "data: ", and there are no control
characters.
If four parameters are given, a rectangular region of the screen is output.
If three parameters are given, length characters are output, starting at the specified row and column.
If only the length parameter is given, that many characters are output, starting at the cursor position.
If no parameters are given, the entire screen is output.
AsciiField
Outputs an ASCII text representation of the field containing the cursor. The text is preceded by the string "data: ".
Connect(hostname)
Connects to a host. The command does not return until the emulator is successfully connected in the proper mode, or the connection
fails.
CloseScript(status)
Causes the emulator to stop reading commands from the script. This is useful to allow a peer script to exit, with the emulator pro-
ceeding interactively. (Without this command, the emulator would exit when it detected end-of-file on standard input.) If the
script was invoked by the Script action, the optional status is used as the return status of Script; if nonzero, Script will com-
plete with an error, and if this script was invoked as part of login through the ibm_hosts file, the connection will be broken.
ContinueScript(param)
Allows a script that is waiting in a PauseScript action, below, to continue. The param given is output by the PauseScript action.
Disconnect
Disconnects from the host.
Ebcdic(row,col,rows,cols)
Ebcdic(row,col,length)
Ebcdic(length)
Ebcdic The same function as Ascii above, except that rather than generating ASCII text, each character is output as a hexadecimal EBCDIC
code, preceded by 0x.
EbcdicField
The same function as AsciiField above, except that it generates hexadecimal EBCDIC codes.
Info(message)
Pops up an informational message.
Expect(text[,timeout])
Pauses the script until the specified text appears in the data stream from the host, or the specified timeout (in seconds) expires.
If no timeout is specified, the default is 30 seconds. Text can contain standard C-language escape (backslash) sequences. No wild-
card characters or pattern anchor characters are understood. Expect is valid only in NVT mode.
MoveCursor(row,col)
Moves the cursor to the specified coordinates.
PauseScript
Stops a script until the ContinueScript action, above, is executed. This allows a script to wait for user input and continue. Out-
puts the single parameter to ContinueScript.
Snap Equivalent to Snap(Save) (see below).
Snap(Ascii,...)
Performs the Ascii action on the saved screen image.
Snap(Cols)
Returns the number of columns in the saved screen image.
Snap(Ebcdic,...)
Performs the Ebcdic action on the saved screen image.
Snap(Rows)
Returns the number of rows in the saved screen image.
Snap(Save)
Saves a copy of the screen image and status in a temporary buffer. This copy can be queried with other Snap actions to allow a
script to examine a consistent screen image, even when the host may be changing the image (or even the screen dimensions) dynami-
cally.
Snap(Status)
Returns the status line from when the screen was last saved.
Snap(Wait[,timeout],Output)
Pauses the script until the host sends further output, then updates the snap buffer with the new screen contents. Used when the
host unlocks the keyboard (allowing the script to proceed after an Enter, PF or PA action), but has not finished updating the
screen. This action is usually invoked in a loop that uses the Snap(Ascii) or Snap(Ebcdic) action to scan the screen for some pat-
tern that indicates that the host has fully processed the last command.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a number of seconds to wait before failing the Snap action. The default is to wait for-
ever.
Transfer(keyword=value,...)
Invokes IND$FILE file transfer. See FILE TRANSFER below.
Wait([timeout,] 3270Mode)
Used when communicating with a host that switches between NVT mode and 3270 mode. Pauses the script or macro until the host negoti-
ates 3270 mode, then waits for a formatted screen as above.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a number of seconds to wait before failing the Wait action. The default is to wait for-
ever.
For backwards compatibility, Wait(3270) is equivalent to Wait(3270Mode)
Wait([timeout,] Disconnect)
Pauses the script until the host disconnects. Often used to after sending a logoff command to a VM/CMS host, to ensure that the
session is not unintentionally set to disconnected state.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a number of seconds to wait before failing the Wait action. The default is to wait for-
ever.
Wait([timeout,] InputField)
A useful utility for use at the beginning of scripts and after the Connect action. In 3270 mode, waits until the screen is format-
ted, and the host has positioned the cursor on a modifiable field. In NVT mode, waits until the host sends at least one byte of
data.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a number of seconds to wait before failing the Wait action. The default is to wait for-
ever.
For backwards compatibility, Wait is equivalent to Wait(InputField).
Wait([timeout,] NVTMode)
Used when communicating with a host that switches between 3270 mode and NVT mode. Pauses the script or macro until the host negoti-
ates NVT mode, then waits for a byte from the host as above.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a number of seconds to wait before failing the Wait action. The default is to wait for-
ever.
For backwards compatibility, Wait(ansi) is equivalent to Wait(NVTMode).
Wait([timeout,] Output)
Pauses the script until the host sends further output. Used when the host unlocks the keyboard (allowing the script to proceed
after an Enter, PF or PA action), but has not finished updating the screen. This action is usually invoked in a loop that uses the
Ascii or Ebcdic action to scan the screen for some pattern that indicates that the host has fully processed the last command.
The optional timeout parameter specifies a number of seconds to wait before failing the Wait action. The default is to wait for-
ever.
FILE TRANSFER
The XX_LA()Transfer action implements IND$FILE file transfer. This action requires that the IND$FILE program be installed on the IBM host,
and that the 3270 cursor be located in a field that will accept a TSO or VM/CMS command.
Because of the complexity and number of options for file transfer, the parameters to the XX_LA()Transfer action take the unique form of
option=value, and can appear in any order. The options are:
Option Required? Default Other Values
------------------------------------------------------------------
Direction No send receive
HostFile Yes
LocalFile Yes
Host No tso vm
Mode No ascii binary
Cr No remove add, keep
Exist No keep replace, append
Recfm No fixed, variable, undefined
Lrecl No
Blksize No
Allocation No tracks, cylinders, avblock
PrimarySpace No
SecondarySpace No
The option details are as follows.
Direction
send (the default) to send a file to the host, receive to receive a file from the host.
HostFile
The name of the file on the host.
LocalFile
The name of the file on the local workstation.
Host The type of host (which dictates the form of the IND$FILE command): tso (the default) or vm.
Mode Use ascii (the default) for a text file, which will be translated between EBCDIC and ASCII as necessary. Use binary for non-text
files.
Cr Controls how Newline characters are handled when transferring Mode=ascii files. remove (the default) strips Newline characters in
local files before transferring them to the host. add adds Newline characters to each host file record before transferring it to
the local workstation. keep preserves Newline characters when transferring a local file to the host.
Exist Controls what happens when the destination file already exists. keep (the default) preserves the file, causing the XX_LA()Transfer
action to fail. replace overwrites the destination file with the source file. append appends the source file to the destination
file.
Recfm Controls the record format of files created on the host. fixed creates a file with fixed-length records. variable creates a file
with variable-length records. undefined creates a file with undefined-length records (TSO hosts only). The Lrecl option controls
the record length or maximum record length for Recfm=fixed and Recfm=variable files, respectively.
Lrecl Specifies the record length (or maximum record length) for files created on the host.
Blksize
Specifies the block size for files created on the host. (TSO hosts only.)
Allocation
Specifies the units for the TSO host PrimarySpace and SecondarySpace options: tracks, cylinders or avblock.
PrimarySpace
Primary allocation for a file created on a TSO host. The units are given by the Allocation option.
SecondarySpace
Secondary allocation for a file created on a TSO host. The units are given by the Allocation option.
SEE ALSO
expect(1)
ksh(1)
x3270(1)
c3270(1)
s3270(1)
VERSION
Version 3.2.19
01 May 2002 X3270-SCRIPT(1)