intro(3) [osx man page]

INTRO(3)						   BSD Library Functions Manual 						  INTRO(3)

NAME

     intro -- introduction to the C libraries

DESCRIPTION

     This section provides an overview of the C library functions, their error returns and other common definitions and concepts.  Most of these
     functions are available from the System library, libSystem.  Other libraries must be indicated at compile time with the -l option of the com-
     piler.

     The various libraries (followed by the loader flag):

     libSystem (-lSystem)  Standard C library functions.  When using the C compiler cc(1), it is not necessary to supply the loader flag -lSystem
			   for these functions.  There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of libSystem: the standard
			   I/O routines, database routines, bit operators, string operators, character tests and character operators, des encryp-
			   tion routines, storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more.

			   For compatibility with other systems, which provide these capabilities in separate libraries (such as libc), symbolic
			   links are provided for -lc, -ldbm, -ldl, -linfo, -lm, -lpoll, -lpthread and -lrpcsvc; they all point to libSystem.

     libcurses (-lcurses -ltermcap)
			   Terminal independent screen management routines for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals.  (See ncurses(3).)

     libl (-ll) 	   The library for lex(1).

     libtermcap (-ltermcap)
			   The terminal independent operation library package.	(See termcap(3).)

     liby (-ly) 	   The library for yacc(1).

FILES

     /usr/lib/libSystem.dylib	       the main System library
     /usr/lib/libSystem_debug.dylib    the main System library compiled with debug support
     /usr/lib/libSystem_profile.dylib  the main System library compiled for profiling

SEE ALSO

     cc(1), ld(1), nm(1), intro(2), stdio(3)

HISTORY

     An intro manual appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

BSD
								   Aug 17, 2006 							       BSD

INTRO(3)						     Library Functions Manual							  INTRO(3)

NAME

       intro - introduction to library functions

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdio.h>

       #include <math.h>

DESCRIPTION

       This section describes functions that may be found in various libraries, other than those functions that directly invoke UNIX system primi-
       tives, which are described in section 2.  Functions are divided into various libraries distinguished by the section number at  the  top	of
       the page:

       (3)   These  functions,	together  with those of section 2 and those marked (3S), constitute library libc, which is automatically loaded by
	     the C compiler cc(1) and the Fortran compiler f77(1).  The link editor ld(1) searches this library under the `-lc' option.   Declara-
	     tions for some of these functions may be obtained from include files indicated on the appropriate pages.

       (3M)  These functions constitute the math library, libm.  They are automatically loaded as needed by the Fortran compiler f77(1).  The link
	     editor searches this library under the `-lm' option.  Declarations for  these  functions  may  be	obtained  from	the  include  file
	     <math.h>.

       (3S)  These  functions  constitute  the	`standard  I/O package', see stdio(3).	These functions are in the library libc already mentioned.
	     Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file <stdio.h>.

       (3X)  Various specialized libraries have not been given distinctive captions.  The files in which these libraries are found  are  named	on
	     the appropriate pages.

FILES

       /lib/libc.a
       /lib/libm.a, /usr/lib/libm.a (one or the other)

SEE ALSO

       stdio(3), nm(1), ld(1), cc(1), f77(1), intro(2)

DIAGNOSTICS

       Functions  in the math library (3M) may return conventional values when the function is undefined for the given arguments or when the value
       is not representable.  In these cases the external variable errno (see intro(2)) is set to the value EDOM or ERANGE.  The  values  of  EDOM
       and ERANGE are defined in the include file <math.h>.

ASSEMBLER

       In assembly language these functions may be accessed by simulating the C calling sequence.  For example, ecvt(3) might be called this way:

	      setd
	      mov  $sign,-(sp)
	      mov  $decpt,-(sp)
	      mov  ndigit,-(sp)
	      movf value,-(sp)
	      jsr  pc,_ecvt
	      add  $14.,sp

																	  INTRO(3)