wwpsof(8) System Manager's Manual wwpsof(8)
NAME
wwpsof - Generic I18N (internationalized) print filter for PostScript printers
SYNOPSIS
/usr/lbin/wwpsof [-c] [-D data] [-h host-name] [+I input-tray] [-i indent] [-K sides] [-l page-length] [-N number-up] [-n login-name] [-O
option-list] [+o output-bin] [-S paper-size] [-v] [-w page-width] [+C pcf-file]... [accounting-file]
OPTIONS
Most of the options supported by wwpsof should be specified by the user on the lpr command line rather than on the wwpsof command line that
you enter as the if or of value in the /etc/printcap file. When the wwpsof command is specified in the /etc/printcap file, you can include
options either to establish defaults (which a user can override) or to hard code a particular setting (which the user cannot override). To
establish a default setting, precede an option with a plus sign (+). To establish a setting that the user cannot override, precede an
option with a hyphen (-). Options shown with a hyphen (-) in this section and the SYNOPSIS are typically not included on a wwpsof command
line, and are left to user discretion.
Some print characteristics, such as vertical printing, can be specified to the filter by using one of several options. In these cases, the
options that correspond to those on the lpr command line are preferred. The alternative options are supported only so that the wwpsof com-
mand line has backward compatibility with the command lines of older print filters.
Support for the listed options can vary from printer to printer and the code required to communicate these options can vary as well. There-
fore, several wwpsof options will work only if enabled by code entries in the printer customization file specified by the +C option. See
the Printer Customization File section for detailed information. Prints control characters. Tells the print filter how to interpret the
text. Valid values are: Interpret as PostScript Interpret as plain ASCII text
This option is supported for backward compatibility. The recommended alternative is -O format=input-format Specifies the name of the
job owner's host system. This name can contain non-ASCII characters. Selects default the paper input tray of the printer. Valid
values are printer specific and should be specified in the printer customization file (PCF). This option corresponds to -I on the
lpr command line. Specifies the amount of indentation in columns. The default value is 0 (no indentation). This option corresponds
to -i on the lpr command line. Specifies one- or two-sided printing. Valid values are 1 or 2. You can use this option only if the
printer supports it and there is appropriate encoding in the printer's PCF. This option corresponds to -K on the lpr command line.
Specifies page length as the number of lines. The default value is 66. Specifies the number of pages to be printed per side on a
sheet of paper. This option requires support in the PCF and corresponds to -N on the lpr command line. Specifies the login name of
the print job's owner. This name can contain non-ASCII characters. Specifies options related to page orientation and printing of a
file. The option-list value can include one option or multiple options that are separated by commas (no embedded spaces).
The wwpsof filter supports the following options for option-list: Prints the specified number of copies. Specifies the data format
of the input file. Valid values are text or ascii (for a text input file) or post (for a PostScript input file). Prints so that the
printed output is parallel to the long side of the page. Specifies the locale setting in which the filter processes the input file.
Prints so that the printed output is parallel to the short side of the page. Specifies the range of pages to be printed, starting
with page number m and ending with page number n. This option requires support in the PCF if the input file is in PostScript format.
Specifies vertical writing mode for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean multibyte characters. When this option is included, multibyte
characters are printed vertically in a rotated orientation; however, any single-byte characters in the text are still printed hori-
zontally.
This option corresponds to the -O "vprint" option on an lpr command line.
This option corresponds to the -O option on an lpr command line. Specifies the default output bin on the printer. Valid values are
printer specific and must be specified in the printer's PCF. This option corresponds to the -o option on an lpr command line. Spec-
ifies the paper-size. Valid values are: Letter (the default), Executive, Legal, Tabloid, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B0, B1, B2, B3,
B4, B5, and B6. Performs the same function as -O vprint. Specifies the width of the page in columns. The default values are 80
(for portrait orientation) and 132 (for landscape orientation). Specifies the printer customization file (PCF) to be used. See the
Printer Customization File section for more information.
OPERANDS
Specifies the file that logs accounting information for print jobs.
DESCRIPTION
The wwpsof filter is a generic text-to-PostScript converter that converts the various single-byte and multibyte characters used in an
international environment to printable PostScript input. The filter embeds all required PostScript font data within the PostScript program.
Therefore, print jobs that include local language characters can be printed on printers where local language fonts are not resident. To use
this filter with a printer, the printer has to support PostScript Level 2 (or higher) or PostScript Level 1 with the composite font exten-
sion.
The wwpsof filter uses PostScript outline fonts, if available. Otherwise, the filter attempts to use lower quality bitmap fonts. The bit-
map fonts are available to the filter only if it has access to an X font server. See the Printer Customization File section for specifying
the location of an X font server to the filter.
The wwpsof filter handles device-specific printer options provided that an appropriate printer configuration file (PCF) is supplied. The
filter also performs accounting functions. At the completion of each print job, accounting records are written to the file specified by the
af field of the entry for the printer in /etc/printcap.
The filter can handle plain text files, files preprocessed by nroff, and PostScript files generated by CDE applications. All of these files
can contain non-ASCII characters.
The filter is sensitive to the locale setting. When processing a character, the filter determines if the character is printable in the cur-
rent locale. The filter also uses the locale setting (more specifically, the codeset part of the locale setting) to find an appropriate
font. Except for files in 16-bit Unicode or 32-bit ISO 10646 (UCS-4) format, users must set locale appropriately before printing files that
contain characters in languages other than English. If the locale setting for the process is not appropriate for the input file, locale
can be set specifically for the print job through the -O locale=locale-name option.
The filter recognizes files in 16-bit Unicode and 32-bit ISO 10646 (UCS-4) data formats by using encoding patterns in the file. These files
are printed by using appropriate and, if necessary, different kinds of fonts.
You can specify wwpsof for both the of and if fields of an /etc/printcap file entry. If the user's login name and host system name contain
non-ASCII characters, you must specify wwpsof in the of field. Otherwise, you can omit the value for of. See printcap(4) for more informa-
tion about defining /etc/printcap entries.
Printer Customization File
The printer customization file (PCF) provides printer-specific and wwpsof-specific information for controlling the operation of a printer.
The wwpsof filter uses /usr/i18n/share/options/wwpsof.pcf as the PCF file. This file has a generic set of font-handling tags that will work
with all supported PostScript printers but does not contain any device-specific settings.
The operating system also provides a set of PCF files customized for specific printers in the /usr/lbin/pcf directory. These files have
device-specific settings but no font-handling information. The printer-specific PCFs are supported by the pcfof filter, and the following
ones, which apply to PostScript printers, can also be used with the wwpsof filter.
ln17ps.pcf ln17ps_a4.pcf hplj4000tn.pcf hplj4000tn_a4.pcf hplj4mplus.pcf hplj4mplus_a4.pcf hplj5simx.pcf hplj5simx_a4.pcf ln15.pcf
ln15_a4.pcf ln20.pcf ln20_a4.pcf ln40.pcf ln40_a4.pcf lnc02.pcf lnc02_a4.pcf
If one of these PCFs has settings appropriate for your printer and you simply want to apply these printer-specific values in addition to
the font-handling definitions in the wwpsof.pcf file, you can use the +C option to specify the printer-specific PCF and do not need to
specify wwpsof.pcf at all. The wwpsof filter always applies the settings in wwpsof.pcf unless they are redefined in a PCF specified on the
command line.
You can also create a customized PCF. The main reasons for creating your own PCF are to: Change the font server location
The default PCF specifies the local system as the font server. You might want to specify another system for importation of soft bit-
map fonts. Add information about printer-resident fonts
The default PCF does not include tags for these fonts because they are printer specific. This information also does not reside in
the printer-specific PCFs because the fonts available on a particular printer may be site-specific. When it is possible to use
printer-resident fonts for characters, the PostScript file produced by wwpsof can be substantially smaller than when font glyphs
must be embedded in the file. So, it is worthwhile to create a PCF that allows printer-resident PostScript fonts to be used when
these are available. Add or override settings for printer-specific capabilities
None of these settings are included in the default PCF and you may not find a printer-specific PCF that meets all requirements for
your printer.
The remainder of the information in this section explains the contents of a PCF file so you can create or adapt one to meet your printer
and system requirements.
Note
If you do create a customized version of an existing PCF, make sure your version has a file name different from any system-supplied PCF
name. Otherwise, an update installation procedure will not recognize your PCF as being user supplied and will replace it with an unmodi-
fied version of the file you customized.
If you want to add only one or two entries to a printer-specific PCF that already exists, the recommended practice is to specify only the
additional entries in your customized PCF. Then you specify the existing PCF, followed by your supplemental PCF, on the wwpsof command
line. When multiple PCFs are specified on the command line, entries as supplied by the combination of PCFs apply. One PCF overrides another
only when there are multiple occurrences of the same kind of entry. In this case, the entry as defined in the file you specify last in the
command line is the one that wwpsof uses.
Each entry in the PCF adheres to the following format: tag: value
In this format, tag specifies the capability to be customized and value is the setting or code for this capability.
A tag can be one or more keywords or a mix of keywords and user-supplied values. There are two types of tags: those that correspond to
printer-specific capabilities and those that are wwpsof-specific. The value for a tag that is printer specific is frequently the code
sequence that needs to be sent to the printer to enable or exercise a printer capability. The value for a tag that is wwpsof specific con-
trols font handling or codeset conversion. All tags are named and described following the list of PCF format rules.
Format rules for PCF entries include the following: To continue a PCF entry to the next line, use the backslash character () at the end of
the line to be continued. To include the backslash character in a value, enter two backslashes (\). To begin a comment, use an exclama-
tion mark (!). To specify a character by its octal value, use a backslash () followed by three octal digits. For example, 33 represents
the escape character. A field that begins with a slash (/) is interpreted as a file specification.
Printer-specific tags supported by wwpsof include the following ones. These tags are a subset of the tags supported by the pcfof filter.
The reset sequence that is sent to the printer The number of seconds to wait after sending out a reset sequence The initialization sequence
that is sent to the printer at the beginning of a print job The number of seconds to wait after sending out an initialization sequence The
termination sequence that is sent to the printer at the end of a print job The number of seconds to wait after sending out a termination
sequence Code that enables the PostScript interpreter. The number of seconds to wait after sending the code to enable the PostScript
interpreter Code that disables the PostScript interpreter The number of seconds to wait after sending the code to disable the PostScript
interpreter PostScript prolog included in every print job Code that enables portrait page orientation
This tag is optional; that is, the tag can be omitted and the -O portrait option will still work as long as the printer supports
varying page orientation. Code that enables landscape page orientation. This tag is optional; that is, the tag can be omitted and
the -O landscape option will still work as long as the printer supports varying page orientation. Prolog code for input tray selec-
tion Code for selecting the specified input tray Prolog code for output bin selection Code for selecting the specified output bin
Code for printing on only one side of a sheet of paper Code for printing on both sides of a sheet of paper Code for printing multi-
ple pages per sheet of paper. This code is required for the -N number-up option to work. The number-up value is related to the num-
ber of an operand stack. Code for printing multiple copies of a print job
This tag is optional; that is, the -O copies=number option does not require it. Code for printing a specified range of pages. (The
m and n page numbers of the -O range=m:n option correspond to positions on an operand stack.)
This tag is required only for PostScript input files; that is, the -O range=m:n option does not require it for text input files.
The supported PostScript version
Font-handling tags include the following: Printer resolution in the x direction Printer resolution in the y direction Location of the font
server. The default value is localhost:7100. This value means that the font server is the local system and has been set up to listen for
client connections at port 7100. For basic information about setting up a font server, refer to X Window System Environment. For informa-
tion about using the /sbin/init.d/xfs script to create a configuration file for autostarting the font server, see the xfs(1X) reference
page. The /sbin/init.d/xfs script is provided to help set up the font server so that it can be used with wwpsof. The printer-resident font
to be used for a particular font type and codeset. See the discussion of font specification tags that immediately follows this list. The
soft outline font to be used for a particular font type and codeset. See the discussion of font specification tags that immediately follows
this list. The soft bitmap font to be used for a particular font type and codeset. See the discussion of font specification tags that
immediately follows this list. The codeset look-up sequence that the filter follows for Unicode character conversion. This value is a
comma-separated list of codeset names. If a Unicode character can be converted to a character in the first codeset listed, the font sup-
porting that codeset is used for the character in the PostScript file. If the character cannot be converted to that codeset, the filter
tries conversion by using the next codeset in the list. If a Unicode character cannot be converted to a character in any of the codesets
listed, the character is ignored.
A PCF file can include multiple entries containing tags that begin with font specification key words (ps resident font, ps soft outline
font, or ps soft bitmap font). In addition to the key words, these tags include the following parameters: The font type, which can be nor-
mal, bold, italic, or bold-italic The name of any codeset supported on a Tru64 UNIX system
The Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese languages are supported by multiple codesets, but only one codeset
per language has associated fonts. Therefore, when including entries to support characters in one of the following languages, spec-
ify only the codeset listed:
For Japanese, sdeckanji For Korean, deckorean For Simplified Chinese, dechanzi For Traditional Chinese, eucTW
The value part of a font-specification entry has the following format: font-name [fprop] [plane:pmask]... [, ...]
In this format, font-name is the name of the font, such as Courier-ISOLatin2 (example of an outline font name) or jdecw-mincho-medium-r-
normal--34-240-100-100-m-340-jisx0208.1983-1 (example of a soft bitmap font name).
The fprop value can be Mono (for monospace) or Prop (for proportional).
The plane and pmask values are used only for fonts supporting multiple codesets. In these cases, the filter finds specific font data by
using a logical OR operation to combine a code point with the plane and pmask values.
A font-specification entry can contain multiple font listings, separated by a comma and space. If there are multiple plane:pmask pairs fol-
lowing a particular font name, they are separated only by spaces. Following are three examples of font-specification entries from the PCF
file that wwpsof uses by default:
ps soft outline font normal ISO8859-9: Courier-ISOLatin5
ps soft outline font bold eucTW : Hei-Light-CNS11643-1 1:8080,
Hei-Light-CNS11643-2 2:8080
ps soft bitmap font normal deckorean: -dyna-munjo-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-KSC5601.1987-1 1:8080, -adecw-myungcho-medium-r-nor-
mal--32-320-75-75-m-320-ksc5601.1987-1 1:8080
The value of the ps resident font tag must be a font that is resident in the printer. If you are sure that non-Latin-1 fonts are printer
resident and specify them in the PCF, the wwpsof does not embed in the PostScript file any glyphs for characters supported by those fonts.
This reduces the size of the PostScript print job and, if soft bitmap fonts are the only alternative, improves the clarity of the printed
file. However, for Asian and many Eastern European languages, printer-resident fonts are usually available only on printers manufactured to
support specific local languages.
The value of the ps soft outline font tag must be one or more PostScript outline fonts that are installed on the local system. Outline
fonts for characters included in the Latin-1 character set are installed by default on a Tru64 UNIX system. Outline fonts for characters
not included in the Latin-1 character set can be installed from optional subsets that are included in the Tru64 UNIX product kit. For exam-
ple, PostScript outline fonts for Chinese characters are included in one of the software subsets that support Chinese.
The value of the ps soft bitmap font tag must be one or more soft bitmap fonts made available through a font server. Like outline fonts,
bitmap fonts are installed on the font server from optional subsets that are included in the Tru64 UNIX product kit. The font server, which
can be either the local system or a remote system, sends fonts to the client application, in this case, the wwpsof filter.
Because soft bitmap fonts are primarily used for screen displays, their resolution is not as crisp on the printed page when compared to
printer-resident or outline fonts. However, setting up bitmap fonts in the PCF for a printer controlled by the wwpsof filter allows CDE
application users to use that printer to print screen text that contains local language characters. Furthermore, certain languages, such as
Japanese, are supported on a Tru64 UNIX system only through printer-resident or soft bitmap fonts. The wwpsof filter therefore enables
hard copy printing of Japanese text files for users who do not have a Japanese printer.
RESTRICTIONS
Embedding font data in PostScript files may increase the size of the file beyond what printer memory can support. If this happens, the wwp-
sof filter appends an error page to the end of printed output to notify the user that the file size exceeded printer capacity.
SEE ALSO
Commands: fsinfo(1X), fslsfonts(1X), lpr(1), lpd(8), pcfof(8), xfs(1X)
Files: printcap(4)
Other: i18n_printing(5)
X Window System Environment
wwpsof(8)