wcstoul(3) Library Functions Manual wcstoul(3)
NAME
wcstoul - Converts wide-character strings to unsigned long integer
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc.so, libc.a)
SYNOPSIS
#include <wchar.h>
unsigned long int wcstoul( const wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr, int base);
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows:
wcstoul(): ISO C, XPG4
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags.
PARAMETERS
Contains a pointer to the wide-character string to be converted to an unsigned long integer. Points to a pointer in which the wcstoul()
function stores the position in the string specified by the nptr parameter where a wide character is found that is not a valid character
for the purpose of this conversion. Specifies the radix in which the wide characters are interpreted.
DESCRIPTION
The wcstoul() function converts the initial portion of the wide-character string pointed to by the nptr parameter to an unsigned long inte-
ger representation. The input wide-character string is first broken down into three parts: White space--An initial (possibly empty)
sequence of wide-character spaces (as specified by the iswspace() function) Subject sequence--A sequence of wide characters that are valid
in an integer constant of the radix determined by the base parameter Unrecognized characters--A final sequence of unrecognized wide-charac-
ter codes, including the terminating null wide character
If possible, the subject is then converted to an unsigned integer and the result is returned.
The base parameter can take values between 0 and 36 to indicate the following: If the base value is 0 (zero), the subject string can be a
decimal, octal, or hexadecimal integer constant. A decimal constant begins with a nonzero digit and consists of a sequence of decimal dig-
its. An octal constant consists of the prefix 0 (zero) optionally followed by a sequence of digits in the range 0 through 7. A hexadecimal
constant consists of the prefix 0x or oX followed by a sequence consisting of decimal digits and the letters in the range a (or A) to f (or
F). If the base value is between 2 and 36, the subject string can be a sequence of digits and the letters a (or A) to z ( or Z ) that are
used to represent an integer in the specified base. Alphabetic characters represent digits with an equivalent decimal value from 10 (for
the letter A) to 35 (for the letter Z). The subject string can have only digits with a value less than base and alphabetic characters with
equivalent values less than base. For example, when the value of the base parameter is 20, only the following value assignments are con-
verted:
Character 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J
a b c d e f g h i j
base Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
The subject string can optionally be preceded by a + (plus sign) or - (minus sign), but cannot include an integer suffix (such as L). If
the subject string is preceded by a - (minus sign), the converted integer value has a negative value cast to unsigned integer. If the
value of base is 16, the characters 0x or 0X may optionally precede the sequence of letters or digits, following the sign, if present.
The wide-character string is parsed to skip the initial white-space characters (as determined by the iswspace() function). Any nonspace
character is the start of a potential subject string that may form an unsigned long integer in the base specified by the base parameter.
The subject sequence is defined to be the longest initial substring that is of the expected form of unsigned long integer. Any character
that does not satisfy this expected form begins the final sequence of unrecognized characters. The wcstol() function sets the *endptr
parameter to point to this final sequence of unrecognized characters.
If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, the function performs no conversion. In this case, provided that
endptr is not a null pointer, the function stores the value of nptr in the object pointed to by endptr.
The LC_CTYPE category of the locale controls which wide characters are treated as spaces but does not affect the interpretation of charac-
ters as part of the subject string. The characters in the subject string are always treated as if the locale were the C locale. (Current
industry standards allow, but do not require, conforming implementations to support forms of subject sequences outside the base range that
is supported by the POSIX locale. Keep this fact in mind when developing applications to run on different vendors' systems.)
EXAMPLES
The following example converts a wide-character string to unsigned long integer:
#include <stdio.h> #include <wchar.h> #include <locale.h> #include <errno.h> #define WLENGTH 40
main() {
wchar_t WCString[WLENGTH], *endptr;
unsigned long int retval;
(void)setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
if (fgetws(WCString, WLENGTH, stdin) != NULL) {
errno = 0;
retval = wcstoul ( WCString, &endptr, 0 );
if (retval == 0 && (errno != 0
|| WCString == endptr)) {
/* No conversion could be performed */
printf("No conversion performed
");
} else if (retval == ULONG_MAX && errno != 0 ) {
/* Error handling */
} else {
/* retval contains an unsigned long integer */
printf("Unsigned integer in decimal is %lx
", retval); }
} }
RETURN VALUES
The wcstoul() function returns the converted value of the unsigned integer if the expected form is found. If no conversion could be per-
formed, a value of 0 (zero) is returned. If the converted value is outside the range of representable values, ULONG_MAX is returned.
If the endptr parameter is not a null pointer, wcstol() stores a pointer to the final sequence of unrecognized characters in *endptr except
when the subject sequence is empty or invalid. In this case, wcstoul() stores the nptr pointer in the *endptr parameter.
Since 0 (zero) and ULONG_MAX are returned in the event of an error and are also valid returns if the wcstoul() function is successful,
applications should set errno to 0 (zero) before calling the wcstoul() function and check errno after each return from the wcstoul() func-
tion. If errno is nonzero, an error occurred. Additionally, if 0 (zero) is returned, applications should check if the endptr parameter
equals the nptr parameter. In this case, there was no valid subject string.
ERRORS
If any of the following conditions occur, the wcstoul() function sets errno to the corresponding value: The base parameter has a value less
than 0 or greater than 36.
The nptr parameter is a null pointer. The converted value is outside the range of representable values.
RELATED INFORMATION
Functions: atoi(3), iswalnum(3), scanf(3), wcstod(3), wcstol(3), wctype(3), wscanf(3)
Standards: standards(5) delim off
wcstoul(3)