[oracle@server1 scripts]$ ./test_db.ksh -b 4096
-b is for Non-default Block Size
BLOCK_SIZE=4096
[oracle@server1 scripts]$ ./test_db.ksh -c AL32UTF8
-c is for non-default character set
CHARACTER_SET=AL32UTF8
Here is my Complete Script:
Code:
#!/bin/ksh
bflg=0
cflg=0
dflg=0
while getopts "b(blk):c(char):d(default):h(help)" opt
do case $opt in
(b) bflg=1;;
(c) cflg=1;;
(d) dflg=1;;
(h) echo "Sample Script"
exit 0;;
(?) echo "Not valid option"
exit 1;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))
# Verify that at least one option was given and that two operands are present...
if [ $((bflg + cflg + dflg)) -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Atleast One option required"
exit 3
fi
# Perform the requested actions...
if [ $bflg -eq 1 ]
then
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
echo "arguments allowed: 1"
exit 2
else
BLK_SIZE=$1
echo "-b is for Non-default Block Size"
echo "BLOCK_SIZE=$BLK_SIZE"
fi
fi
if [ $cflg -eq 1 ]
then
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
echo "arguments allowed: 1"
exit 2
else
CHAR_SET=$1
echo "-c is for non-default character set"
echo "CHARACTER_SET=$CHAR_SET"
fi
fi
if [ $dflg -eq 1 ]
then
if [ $# -ne 3 ]
then
echo "arguments allowed: 3"
exit 2
else
ORACLE_SID=$1
ORACLE_VER=$2
ENV_TYPE=$3
echo "-d is Default option"
echo "ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID"
echo "ORACLE_VERSION=$ORACLE_VER"
echo "ENV_TYPE=$ENV_TYPE"
fi
fi
I want this script to work when i use -b or -c or both(-b &-c) along with -d option.
Can you guys please guide me in achieving this.
Please let me know if you need more information.
Last edited by veeresh_15; 12-08-2014 at 12:01 PM..
You could check for arguments before setting flags...
Code:
[[ $# -lt 2 ]] && echo "Requires at least 2 arguments..." && exit 1
Additionly, it gets difficult if your options require 2 arguments as shown in:
Code:
$ ./test_db.ksh -d abc 11 dev -b 8192 -c AL32UTF8
AFAIK: getopts can only handle options before the actual arguments.
NOTE: There is a getopt and a getopts, not sure if either (or which) one of them is for ksh...
Specialy, NONE of your options catch arguments you want to pass...
In some occasions, it even makes sense to force the user to enter variables in a certain order, with the last one beeing optional.
Or that options just trigger the handler (but have a preset value).
Furthermore, using getopts provides you with $OPTARG, which represents (somewhat) $1.
Once you 'passed' the getopts part, and the according shift $(($OPTIND-1)), the remaining ARGUMENTS, since all options and their arguments, have been removed by the previous shift command.
Saying, in your current flag check blocks, you are refering to empty (since removed) variables, thus the script fails.
You need to set all required argument of your options inside the getopts block.
In the like of (cut-out snippet from one of my scripts):
Code:
...
while getopts "b:f:F" opt
case $opt in
b) char="${OPTARG:0:1}"
case "$char" in
a) log_msg="Override audio bitrate ($BIT_AUDIO) with ${OPTARG:1}"
BIT_AUDIO="${OPTARG:1}"
;;
v) log_msg="Override video bitrate ($BIT_VIDEO) with ${OPTARG:1}"
BIT_VIDEO="${OPTARG:1}"
;;
*) log_msg="You did not define whether its audio or video: -$opt a|v$OPTARG"
tui-status 1 "$log_msg"
exit 1
;;
esac
;;
f) useFPS=true
FPS_ov="$OPTARG"
log_msg="Force using $FPS_ov FPS"
;;
F) useFPS=true
doLog "Force using FPS from config file ($FPS)"
;;
esac
done
....
if $useFPS
then [[ -z $FPS_ov ]] || FPS=$FPS_ov
cmd_video_all+=" -r $FPS"
doLog "Added '$FPS' to commandlist"
fi
Location: Saint Paul, MN USA / BSD, CentOS, Debian, OS X, Solaris
Posts: 2,288
Thanks Given: 430
Thanked 480 Times in 395 Posts
Hi.
I have not tried to use multiple, whitespace-sparated arguments to options, so I would try first setting up your code to assume either a quoted string or a comma-separated string:
Code:
-d "s1 s2 s2"
or
Code:
-d s1,s2,s3
Of course, you will need to do the work of splitting the string into the correct variables.
The version of getotps in at least ksh 93u+ allows complex forms, so perhaps it can accept arguments such as you desire. See getopts --man
I think there are other codes which may process multiple strings such as you have intended to use, but I am fairly sure that the kshgetopts is not one of them.
Appendix B of Learning the Korn Shell, 2nd, has many more details on getopts.
I seem to recall seeing simple shell code to collect strings until they hit an argument that began with with a [+-] -- so you could roll your own.
$ ./test_db.ksh -d abc:11:dev -b 12
-b is for Non-default Block Size
BLOCK_SIZE=12
-d is Default option
ORACLE_SID=abc
ORACLE_VERSION=11
ENV_TYPE=dev
Here is the script:
Code:
#!/bin/ksh
while getopts "b:c:d:h" opt
do case $opt in
(b) BLK_SIZE=${OPTARG};;
(c) CHAR_SET=${OPTARG};;
(d) DARGS=${OPTARG};;
(h) echo "Sample Script"
exit 0;;
(?) echo "Not valid option"
exit 1;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
# Verify that at least one option was given and that two operands are present...
if [ -z "${BLK_SIZE}${CHAR_SET}${DARGS}" ]
then
echo "Atleast One option required"
exit 3
fi
# Perform the requested actions...
if [ -n "$BLK_SIZE" ]
then
echo "-b is for Non-default Block Size"
echo "BLOCK_SIZE=$BLK_SIZE"
fi
if [ -n "$CHAR_SET" ]
then
echo "-c is for non-default character set"
echo "CHARACTER_SET=$CHAR_SET"
fi
if [ -n "$DARGS" ]
then
then
IFS=":" read ORACLE_SID ORACLE_VER ENV_TYPE <<EOF
$DARGS
EOF
if [ -z "$ENV_TYPE" ]
then
echo "Invalid -d option requires 2 colons ($DARGS is invalid)"
exit 1
fi
echo "-d is Default option"
echo "ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID"
echo "ORACLE_VERSION=$ORACLE_VER"
echo "ENV_TYPE=$ENV_TYPE"
fi
This User Gave Thanks to Chubler_XL For This Post:
Location: Saint Paul, MN USA / BSD, CentOS, Debian, OS X, Solaris
Posts: 2,288
Thanks Given: 430
Thanked 480 Times in 395 Posts
Hi.
Quote:
Originally Posted by drl
I seem to recall seeing simple shell code to collect strings until they hit an argument that began with with a [+-] -- so you could roll your own.
Apparently this looked familiar to me because I had written one.
This script, s5, will show 3 methods for accumulating multiple arguments:
Code:
#!/usr/bin/env ksh
# @(#) s5 Demonstrate collecting arguments, splitting arguments.
# -a string can be repeated
# -b delimited string
# -c strings until end or next option
# -d delimiter character
# Utility functions: print-as-echo, print-line-with-visual-space, debug.
# export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
LC_ALL=C ; LANG=C ; export LC_ALL LANG
pe() { for _i;do printf "%s" "$_i";done; printf "\n"; }
pl() { pe;pe "-----" ;pe "$*"; }
db() { ( printf " db, ";for _i;do printf "%s" "$_i";done;printf "\n" ) >&2 ; }
db() { : ; }
# C=$HOME/bin/context && [ -f $C ] && . $C
echo
echo " Args before \"$*\""
aindex=0
cindex=0
# declare -a a # for bash
# declare -a c # for bash
err=0
del=","
while getopts a:b:c:d: opt
do
case $opt in
a) a[$aindex]=$OPTARG ; (( aindex++ )) ;;
b) b=$OPTARG ;;
# could use bash/ksh patterns in [[ ]] in place of grep
c)
db " before c loop, args #, 1, 2 = :$#:, :$1:, :$2:"
c[$cindex]=$2
shift
while [ -n "$1" ] && echo "$2" | grep -v -q '^[-+]'
do
c[$cindex]=$1 ; (( cindex++ ))
shift
db " at end loop, $# args are [$*]"
done
if [ -n "$1" ]
then
c[$cindex]=$1
fi
KEEPER=$2
set -- $2 $*
;;
d) del=$OPTARG ;;
*) (( err++ )) ;;
esac
done
if (( OPTIND-1 <= $# ))
then
shift $(( OPTIND-1 ))
fi
echo " Args after \"$*\""
[[ $err != 0 ]] && ( echo " Errors: $err, aborting." ; exit 1 )
# Continue processing.
# Display the content of the collected array: a.
if [[ ${#a} > 0 ]]
then
echo
echo " Multiply-specified arguments of option a, collected in array:"
for (( i=0 ; i<${#a[*]} ; i++ ))
do
echo " $i ${a[$i]}"
done
fi
# Continue processing.
# Display the content of the collected array: c.
if [[ ${#c} > 0 ]]
then
echo
echo " Collected sequence arguments of option c :"
for (( i=0 ; i<${#c[*]} ; i++ ))
do
echo " $i ${c[$i]}"
done
fi
# Split the delimiter-separated items.
if [ -n "$b" ]
then
echo
echo " Elements that were separated by \"$del\":"
v=( $( echo "$b" | sed "s/$del/ /g" ) )
i=0
for j in ${v[*]}
do
echo " $i $j"
(( i++ ))
done
fi
exit 0
This is a driver script, run5, that will exercise the methods:
Code:
#!/usr/bin/env ksh
# @(#) run5 Exercise script s5 to demonstrate methods.
# Utility functions: print-as-echo, print-line-with-visual-space, debug.
# export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
LC_ALL=C ; LANG=C ; export LC_ALL LANG
pe() { for _i;do printf "%s" "$_i";done; printf "\n"; }
pl() { pe;pe "-----" ;pe "$*"; }
db() { : ; }
db() { ( printf " db, ";for _i;do printf "%s" "$_i";done;printf
"\n" ) >&2 ; }
C=$HOME/bin/context && [ -f $C ] && . $C
# Test multiply-specified options.
pl " Multiply-specified options:"
./s5 -a alpha -a beta file1 ... filen
# Test comma-separated methods.
pl " Comma-separated methods:"
./s5 -b 3,4,5 file1 ... filen
# Showing unexpected results for -b=..."
pl " Expected anomaly for -b=...:"
./s5 -b=6,7
# Choose a different delimiter:"
pl " Select delimiter \":\" instead of \",\":"
./s5 -d ":" -b 8:9
# Command not found error when using bare \"|\":"
pl " Expect error for unprotected \"|\":"
./s5 -d | -b 10|11
# Protect \"|\" with quotes:"
pl " Better results for protected pipe symbol:"
./s5 -d "|" -b "10|11"
pl " Collect until new -option letter:"
./s5 -c able baker charlie -a first -a second
pl " Collect again until new -option letter:"
./s5 -c delta echo foxtrot -- file1 file2
pl " Collect once more until new -option letter or end:"
./s5 -c golf hotel india
exit 0
Executing run5 produces:
Code:
$ ./run5
Environment: LC_ALL = C, LANG = C
(Versions displayed with local utility "version")
OS, ker|rel, machine: Linux, 2.6.26-2-amd64, x86_64
Distribution : Debian 5.0.8 (lenny, workstation)
ksh 93s+
-----
Multiply-specified options:
Args before "-a alpha -a beta file1 ... filen"
Args after "file1 ... filen"
Multiply-specified arguments of option a, collected in array:
0 alpha
1 beta
-----
Comma-separated methods:
Args before "-b 3,4,5 file1 ... filen"
Args after "file1 ... filen"
Elements that were separated by ",":
0 3
1 4
2 5
-----
Expected anomaly for -b=...:
Args before "-b=6,7"
Args after ""
Elements that were separated by ",":
0 =6
1 7
-----
Select delimiter ":" instead of ",":
Args before "-d : -b 8:9"
Args after ""
Elements that were separated by ":":
0 8
1 9
-----
Expect error for unprotected "|":
./s5: -d: argument expected
./run5: line 33: -b: not found
./run5[33]: 11: not found [No such file or directory]
-----
Better results for protected pipe symbol:
Args before "-d | -b 10|11"
Args after ""
Elements that were separated by "|":
0 10
1 11
-----
Collect until new -option letter:
Args before "-c able baker charlie -a first -a second"
Args after ""
Multiply-specified arguments of option a, collected in array:
0 first
1 second
Collected sequence arguments of option c :
0 able
1 baker
2 charlie
-----
Collect again until new -option letter:
Args before "-c delta echo foxtrot -- file1 file2"
Args after "file1 file2"
Collected sequence arguments of option c :
0 delta
1 echo
2 foxtrot
-----
Collect once more until new -option letter or end:
Args before "-c golf hotel india"
Args after ""
Collected sequence arguments of option c :
0 golf
1 hotel
2 india
Sometimes, manual interaction is simpler than using builtins...
In this example, we parse the arguments as they are occouring, and remove them as soon they are read.
(untested but should work)
Code:
# Sometimes, manual interaction is simpler than using builtins...
# Removing args as they are parsed
for A in $@ ; do
case $A in
-b) shift
rate=$1
shift
;;
-c) # Set the vars
shift
charA=$1
numB=$2
charC=$3
# Remove them from arg list
shift 3
;;
-d) shift
name=$1
shift
;;
esac
done
[[ -z $rate ]] && echo "B was passed"
[[ -z $charC ]] && echo "C was passed"
[[ -z $name ]] && echo "D was passed"
What you would need to do, is to check (specialy for -c) if the 'following' arguments, do start with a "-" or otherwise not match.
Remind you, since the -b or -c was already removed, you can simply check (for example) if there are enough (3) follow up arguments by [[ 3 -eq $# ]] inside the case block.
Hope this helps
Last edited by sea; 12-09-2014 at 09:28 PM..
Reason: Code fix
Hi veeresh_15,
The "complete" script you provided shows us why you are having problems using getopts, but it doesn't explain what you're really trying to do. You have shown us four sample command lines used to test your option handling capabilities, but to understand how to best help you, what we really need is the Synopsis lines from the man page for your utility (or better yet, the complete man page) so we can understand what options (with and without option arguments) and what operands your script will need to process for your utility.
It is unusual to need an option for "defaults". If you're setting up a utility to create databases, what you're describing as defaults (the database ID, version, and type) don't seem like defaults; they seem like something that would be required to set up any database and they would be different for each database you create. If that is the case here, these three items should be mandatory operands; not options.
I can easily see having default values for database block size and character sets that would apply to most databases you create. And, having options (with option arguments) to override those defaults is perfectly reasonable.
So, if I have guessed correctly, your Synopsis would be something like:
Code:
createdb [-b block_size] [-c character_set] sid version type
and your code should be something more like:
Code:
#!/bin/ksh
# createdb [-b block_size] [-c character_set] sid version type
# Initialize variables
BLK_SIZE=4096
CHAR_SET="AL32UTF8"
IAm=${0##*/}
USAGE='Usage: %s [-b block_size] [-c character_set] sid version type\n'
# Process options:
while getopts "b:c:h" opt
do case $opt in
(b) BLK_SIZE="$OPTARG";;
(c) CHAR_SET="$OPTARG";;
(h) printf "$USAGE" "$IAm"
exit 0;;
(?) printf "$USAGE" "$IAm" >&2
exit 1;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))
# Verify operands:
if [ $# -ne 3 ]
then printf '%s: 3 operands are required, %d found.\n' "$IAm" >&2
printf "$USAGE" "$IAm" >&2
exit 2
fi
ORACLE_SID="$1"
ORACLE_VER="$2"
ENV_TYPE="$3"
# Create the database:
printf 'Create database with these attributes:
block size: %d
character set: %s
SID: %s
version: %s
type: %s
' "$BLK_SIZE" "$CHAR_SET" "$ORACLE_SID" "$ORACLE_VER" "$ENV_TYPE"
# Add code to acutally create the database here...
And, then you could successfully invoke it with command lines like:
PS
If you're using a 1993 or later version of ksh, you'll get bad option diagnostics consistent with the rest of the diagnostics produced by the above script if you change:
Code:
while getopts "b:c:h" opt
to:
Code:
while getopts -a "$IAm" "b:c:h" opt
Last edited by Don Cragun; 12-09-2014 at 06:36 PM..
Reason: Add PS.
This User Gave Thanks to Don Cragun For This Post:
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12-08-2014
Using getopts for handling multiple options
