KDUMP(1) BSD General Commands Manual KDUMP(1)NAME
kdump -- display kernel trace data
SYNOPSIS
kdump [-dnlRT] [-f file] [-m maxdata] [-t [cnisuw]]
DESCRIPTION
The kdump command displays the kernel trace files produced with ktrace(1) in human readable format. By default, the file ktrace.out in the
current directory is displayed.
The options are as follows:
-d Display all numbers in decimal.
-f file Display the specified file instead of ktrace.out.
-l Loop reading the trace file, once the end-of-file is reached, waiting for more data.
-m maxdata Display at most maxdata bytes when decoding I/O.
-n Suppress ad hoc translations. Normally kdump tries to decode many system calls into a more human readable format. For example,
ioctl(2) values are replaced with the macro name and errno values are replaced with the strerror(3) string. Suppressing this
feature yields a more consistent output format and is easily amenable to further processing.
-R Display relative timestamps (time since previous entry).
-T Display absolute timestamps for each entry (seconds since epoch).
-t cnisuw See the -t option of ktrace(1).
SEE ALSO ktrace(1)HISTORY
The kdump command appeared in 4.4BSD.
BSD June 6, 1993 BSD
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KDUMP(1) BSD General Commands Manual KDUMP(1)NAME
kdump -- display kernel trace data
SYNOPSIS
kdump [-dEnlHRSsTA] [-f trfile] [-m maxdata] [-p pid] [-t trstr]
DESCRIPTION
The kdump command displays the kernel trace files produced with ktrace(1) in human readable format. By default, the file ktrace.out in the
current directory is displayed.
The options are as follows:
-d Display all numbers in decimal.
-E Display elapsed timestamps (time since beginning of trace).
-f trfile Display the specified file instead of ktrace.out.
-H List the thread ID (tid) of the thread with each trace record, if available. If no thread ID is available, 0 will be printed.
-l Loop reading the trace file, once the end-of-file is reached, waiting for more data.
-m maxdata Display at most maxdata bytes when decoding I/O.
-n Suppress ad hoc translations. Normally kdump tries to decode many system calls into a more human readable format. For example,
ioctl(2) values are replaced with the macro name and errno values are replaced with the strerror(3) string. Suppressing this
feature yields a more consistent output format and is easily amenable to further processing.
-p pid Display only trace events that correspond to the process or thread pid. This may be useful when there are multiple processes or
threads recorded in the same trace file.
-R Display relative timestamps (time since previous entry).
-r When decoding STRU records, display structure members such as UIDs, GIDs, dates etc. symbolically instead of numerically.
-S Display system call numbers.
-s Suppress display of I/O data.
-T Display absolute timestamps for each entry (seconds since epoch).
-A Display description of the ABI of traced process.
-t trstr See the -t option of ktrace(1).
The output format of kdump is line oriented with several fields. The example below shows a section of a kdump generated by the following
commands:
?> ktrace echo "ktrace"
?> kdump
85045 echo CALL writev(0x1,0x804b030,0x2)
85045 echo GIO fd 1 wrote 7 bytes
"ktrace
"
85045 echo RET writev 7
The first field is the PID of the process being traced. The second field is the name of the program being traced. The third field is the
operation that the kernel performed on behalf of the process. If thread IDs are being printed, then an additional thread ID column will be
added to the output between the PID field and program name field.
In the first line above, the kernel executes the writev(2) system call on behalf of the process so this is a CALL operation. The fourth
field shows the system call that was executed, including its arguments. The writev(2) system call takes a file descriptor, in this case 1,
or standard output, then a pointer to the iovector to write, and the number of iovectors that are to be written. In the second line we see
the operation was GIO, for general I/O, and that file descriptor 1 had seven bytes written to it. This is followed by the seven bytes that
were written, the string "ktrace" with a carriage return and line feed. The last line is the RET operation, showing a return from the ker-
nel, what system call we are returning from, and the return value that the process received. Seven bytes were written by the writev(2) sys-
tem call, so 7 is the return value.
The possible operations are:
Name Operation Fourth field
CALL enter syscall syscall name and arguments
RET return from syscall syscall name and return value
NAMI file name lookup path to file
GIO general I/O fd, read/write, number of bytes
PSIG signal signal name, handler, mask, code
CSW context switch stop/resume user/kernel wmesg
USER data from user process the data
STRU various syscalls structure
SCTL sysctl(3) requests MIB name
PFLT enter page fault fault address and type
PRET return from page fault fault result
SEE ALSO ktrace(1)HISTORY
The kdump command appeared in 4.4BSD.
BSD March 28, 2014 BSD