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vnd(4) [netbsd man page]

VND(4)							   BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual 						    VND(4)

NAME
vnd -- vnode disk driver SYNOPSIS
pseudo-device vnd options VND_COMPRESSION DESCRIPTION
The vnd driver provides a disk-like interface to a file. This is useful for a variety of applications, including swap files and building miniroot or floppy disk images. This document assumes that you're familiar with how to generate kernels, how to properly configure disks and pseudo-devices in a kernel con- figuration file. In order to compile in support for the vnd, you must add a line similar to the following to your kernel configuration file: pseudo-device vnd # vnode disk driver To also compile in support for reading compressed disk images, add the following option to your kernel config file: options VND_COMPRESSION # compressed vnd(4) Compressed disk images are expected in the cloop2 format, they can be created from "normal" disk images by the vndcompress(1) program. There is a run-time utility that is used for configuring both compressed and uncompressed vnds. See vnconfig(8) for more information. FILES
/dev/{,r}vnd* vnd device special files. SEE ALSO
config(1), vndcompress(1), MAKEDEV(8), fsck(8), mount(8), newfs(8), vnconfig(8) HISTORY
The vnode disk driver was originally written at the University of Utah. The compression handling is based on code by Cliff Wright <cliff@snipe444.org>. BUGS
The vnd driver does not work if the file does not reside in a local filesystem. The vnd driver does not work if the file is sparse. BSD
December 18, 2009 BSD

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CCD(4)							   BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual 						    CCD(4)

NAME
ccd -- Concatenated disk driver SYNOPSIS
pseudo-device ccd [count] DESCRIPTION
The ccd driver provides the capability of combining one or more disks/partitions into one virtual disk. This document assumes that you're familiar with how to generate kernels, how to properly configure disks and pseudo-devices in a kernel con- figuration file, and how to partition disks. Note that the 'raw' partitions of the disks must not be combined. Each component partition should be offset at least one cylinder from the beginning of the component disk. This avoids potential conflicts between the component disk's disklabel and the ccd's disklabel. The kernel will only allow component partitions of type FS_CCD. But for now, it allows partition of all types since some port lacks support of an on- disk BSD disklabel. The partition of FS_UNUSED may be rejected because device driver of component disk will refuse it. In order to compile in support for the ccd, you must add a line similar to the following to your kernel configuration file: pseudo-device ccd 4 # concatenated disk devices The count argument is how many ccds memory is allocated for at boot time. In this example, no more than 4 ccds may be configured. A ccd may be either serially concatenated or interleaved. To serially concatenate the partitions, specify the interleave factor of 0. If a ccd is interleaved correctly, a ``striping'' effect is achieved, which can increase performance. Since the interleave factor is expressed in units of DEV_BSIZE, one must account for sector sizes other than DEV_BSIZE in order to calculate the correct interleave. The kernel will not allow an interleave factor less than the size of the largest component sector divided by DEV_BSIZE. Note that best performance is achieved if all component disks have the same geometry and size. Optimum striping cannot occur with different disk types. Also note that the total size of concatenated disk may vary depending on the interleave factor even if the exact same components are concate- nated. And an old on-disk disklabel may be read after interleave factor change. As a result, the disklabel may contain wrong partition geometry and will cause an error when doing I/O near the end of concatenated disk. There is a run-time utility that is used for configuring ccds. See ccdconfig(8) for more information. WARNINGS
If just one (or more) of the disks in a non-mirrored ccd fails, the entire file system will be lost. FILES
/dev/{,r}ccd* ccd device special files. SEE ALSO
config(1), MAKEDEV(8), ccdconfig(8), fsck(8), mount(8), newfs(8) HISTORY
The concatenated disk driver was originally written at the University of Utah. BSD
March 5, 2004 BSD
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