TOLOWER(3) BSD Library Functions Manual TOLOWER(3)NAME
tolower -- upper case to lower case letter conversion
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <ctype.h>
int
tolower(int c);
DESCRIPTION
The tolower() function converts an upper-case letter to the corresponding lower-case letter.
RETURN VALUES
If the argument is an upper-case letter, the tolower() function returns the corresponding lower-case letter if there is one; otherwise the
argument is returned unchanged.
SEE ALSO ctype(3), isalnum(3), isalpha(3), isascii(3), iscntrl(3), isdigit(3), isgraph(3), islower(3), isprint(3), ispunct(3), isspace(3), isupper(3),
isxdigit(3), stdio(3), toascii(3), toupper(3), ascii(7)STANDARDS
The tolower() function conforms to ANSI X3.159-1989 (``ANSI C89'').
CAVEATS
The argument to tolower() must be EOF or representable as an unsigned char; otherwise, the behavior is undefined. See the CAVEATS section of
ctype(3) for more details.
BSD April 17, 2008 BSD
Check Out this Related Man Page
CTYPE(2) System Calls Manual CTYPE(2)NAME
isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii, toascii, _toupper, _tolower,
toupper, tolower - ASCII character classification
SYNOPSIS
#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <ctype.h>
isalpha(c)
isupper(c)
islower(c)
isdigit(c)
isxdigit(c)
isalnum(c)
isspace(c)
ispunct(c)
isprint(c)
isgraph(c)
iscntrl(c)
isascii(c)
_toupper(c)
_tolower(c)
toupper(c)
tolower(c)
toascii(c)
DESCRIPTION
These macros classify ASCII-coded integer values by table lookup. Each is a predicate returning nonzero for true, zero for false. Isascii
is defined on all integer values; the rest are defined only where isascii is true and on the single non-ASCII value EOF; see fopen(2).
isalpha c is a letter, a-z or A-Z
isupper c is an upper case letter, A-Z
islower c is a lower case letter, a-z
isdigit c is a digit, 0-9
isxdigit c is a hexadecimal digit, 0-9 or a-f or A-F
isalnum c is an alphanumeric character, a-z or A-Z or 0-9
isspace c is a space, horizontal tab, newline, vertical tab, formfeed, or carriage return (0x20, 0x9, 0xA, 0xB, 0xC, 0xD)
ispunct c is a punctuation character (one of !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~)
isprint c is a printing character, 0x20 (space) through 0x7E (tilde)
isgraph c is a visible printing character, 0x21 (exclamation) through 0x7E (tilde)
iscntrl c is a delete character, 0x7F, or ordinary control character, 0x0 through 0x1F
isascii c is an ASCII character, 0x0 through 0x7F
Toascii is not a classification macro; it converts its argument to ASCII range by anding with 0x7F.
If c is an upper case letter, tolower returns the lower case version of the character; otherwise it returns the original character. Toup-
per is similar, returning the upper case version of a character or the original character. Tolower and toupper are functions; _tolower and
_toupper are corresponding macros which should only be used when it is known that the argument is upper case or lower case, respectively.
Alef
These routines are not provided in Alef.
SOURCE
/sys/include/ctype.h
for the macros.
/sys/src/libc/port/ctype.c
for the tables.
BUGS
These macros are ASCII-centric.
CTYPE(2)
I can't seem to list all the files that begin with a lower case or upper case letter between a-m while being in that directory?
Please help I've tried everything from all the ls commands to even grep commands.
b (5 Replies)
Hello,
I have text file while looks this
test1
test2
test3
test4
test5
test6
and if I want to parse it and make new file which would like this
test1 test2
test3 test4
test5 test6
How can I do this in korn shell script
Thanks (9 Replies)
Dear friends,
i am writing csh script
i have one dat file containing following data.like this.
08FD3 03A26 000FA0 FFFF0 BBA0F 00000 00000
from the above file i want to read each letter and store it in one variable.
how it is possible.
please help (7 Replies)
!#/bin/bash
cat input.sh | awk '
{
cur1=tolower($1)
cur2=tolower($2)
rsh $cur1 report | grep $cur2
# i just want to make the code line to work
} '
the error which i get is ....
./madh1.sh: line 1: !#/bin/bash: No such file or directory
awk: cmd. line:13: rsh $cur1 report |... (4 Replies)
Hi,
I want to convert the first letter of this word from lowecase to uppercase.
Assume a letter united. I want to translate to United
Please let me know a simple way to do that.
Thanks. (22 Replies)
hi guys i am writing a script to change the filename which is enterered as input to lower case letter even if one letter is upper case i have to change it to lower case
i get the input and use
sed comand should i use like that
sed/s/a-z/A-Z/d
will it be like that can u please help me (8 Replies)
Hi guys,
I have a file separated by ",". I´m trying to change to upper case the first letter of each word in column 2 to establish a standard format on this column.
I hope somebody could help me to complete the SED or AWK script below.
The file looks like this:
(Some lines in column 2... (16 Replies)
I have an requirement. There is a file which has the below contents
Unix|123|17-01-2010
....
....
....
....
and so an
now each letter has a corresponding predefined mapping letter in order to mask the original data.(for example U = A,
n=b, i=c, x=d, same like number 1=9,2=8,3=7. Also... (8 Replies)
Input file
>Read_1
XXXXXXXXXXSDFXXXXXDS (condition 1: After the last "X" per line, if the distance is less than or equal to 3 letter, replace those not "X" letter with "X")
TREXXXXXXXSDFXXXXXDS (condition 2: Before the first "X" per line, if the distance is less than or equal to 3 letter,... (12 Replies)
Hi
I would like to read if the first letter of a line in a first file (gauche.txt) is uppercase or lowercase, and change consequently the first letter of the corresponding line in the second file (droiteInit.txt).
I have done this but it won't work (I launch this using gawk -f... (16 Replies)
Im trying to use wild cards to find files that start with either an upper or lower case letter e.g. list files that beginning with b or B, i also want to sort them by the time they were last modified. e.g latest file created first.
At the moment i have the following code that
ls -d... (3 Replies)
hey :)
if i have a variable that is
example=lewisdenny(copywrite symbol)
so its not a nomal letter but a symbol, how can i remove everything in the varible that isnt letter or number thanks :)
and as a side little question do you know how to remove .zip from a file like if i
ls... (7 Replies)
how can i do a case insensitive search/replace but keep the same case?
e.g., i want to change a word like
apple-pie to orange-cake
but for the first word if the first letter of the keyword or the letter after the - is capitalised i want to preserve that
e.g., if the before is:
... (5 Replies)
Hi all,
I am trying to find a way to change first letter in a word from lower case to upper case. It should be done for each first word in text or in paragraph, and also for each word after punctuation like
. ; : ! ?I found the following command
sed -i 's/\s*./\U&\E/g' $@ filenamebut... (7 Replies)
Hi,
I need to replace, as the title says, the first letter of each line (when it's not a number) by the same letter, but capital.
For instance :
hello
Who
123pass
Would become :
Hello
Who
123pass
Is there a way with sed to do that ? Or other unix command ?
Thank you :) (7 Replies)