arybase5.18(3pm) [mojave man page]

arybase(3pm)						 Perl Programmers Reference Guide					      arybase(3pm)

NAME

       arybase - Set indexing base via $[

SYNOPSIS

	   $[ = 1;

	   @a = qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat);
	   print $a[3], "
";  # prints Tue

DESCRIPTION

       This module implements Perl's $[ variable.  You should not use it directly.

       Assigning to $[ has the compile-time effect of making the assigned value, converted to an integer, the index of the first element in an
       array and the first character in a substring, within the enclosing lexical scope.

       It can be written with or without "local":

	   $[ = 1;
	   local $[ = 1;

       It only works if the assignment can be detected at compile time and the value assigned is constant.

       It affects the following operations:

	   $array[$element]
	   @array[@slice]
	   $#array
	   (list())[$slice]
	   splice @array, $index, ...
	   each @array
	   keys @array

	   index $string, $substring  # return value is affected
	   pos $string
	   substr $string, $offset, ...

       As with the default base of 0, negative bases count from the end of the array or string, starting with -1.  If $[ is a positive integer,
       indices from "$[-1" to 0 also count from the end.  If $[ is negative (why would you do that, though?), indices from $[ to 0 count from the
       beginning of the string, but indices below $[ count from the end of the string as though the base were 0.

       Prior to Perl 5.16, indices from 0 to "$[-1" inclusive, for positive values of $[, behaved differently for different operations; negative
       indices equal to or greater than a negative $[ likewise behaved inconsistently.

HISTORY

       Before Perl 5, $[ was a global variable that affected all array indices and string offsets.

       Starting with Perl 5, it became a file-scoped compile-time directive, which could be made lexically-scoped with "local".  "File-scoped"
       means that the $[ assignment could leak out of the block in which occurred:

	   {
	       $[ = 1;
	       # ... array base is 1 here ...
	   }
	   # ... still 1, but not in other files ...

       In Perl 5.10, it became strictly lexical.  The file-scoped behaviour was removed (perhaps inadvertently, but what's done is done).

       In Perl 5.16, the implementation was moved into this module, and out of the Perl core.  The erratic behaviour that occurred with indices
       between -1 and $[ was made consistent between operations, and, for negative bases, indices from $[ to -1 inclusive were made consistent
       between operations.

BUGS

       Error messages that mention array indices use the 0-based index.

       "keys $arrayref" and "each $arrayref" do not respect the current value of $[.

SEE ALSO

       "$[" in perlvar, Array::Base and String::Base.

perl v5.18.2							    2014-01-06							      arybase(3pm)

GLDRAWRANGEELEMENTSB(3G)					   OpenGL Manual					  GLDRAWRANGEELEMENTSB(3G)

NAME

       glDrawRangeElementsBaseVertex - render primitives from array data with a per-element offset

C SPECIFICATION

       void glDrawRangeElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type, GLvoid *indices, GLint basevertex);

PARAMETERS

       mode
	   Specifies what kind of primitives to render. Symbolic constants GL_POINTS, GL_LINE_STRIP, GL_LINE_LOOP, GL_LINES, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,
	   GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, GL_TRIANGLES, GL_LINES_ADJACENCY, GL_LINE_STRIP_ADJACENCY, GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP_ADJACENCY and
	   GL_PATCHES are accepted.

       start
	   Specifies the minimum array index contained in indices.

       end
	   Specifies the maximum array index contained in indices.

       count
	   Specifies the number of elements to be rendered.

       type
	   Specifies the type of the values in indices. Must be one of GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, or GL_UNSIGNED_INT.

       indices
	   Specifies a pointer to the location where the indices are stored.

       basevertex
	   Specifies a constant that should be added to each element of indices when chosing elements from the enabled vertex arrays.

DESCRIPTION

       glDrawRangeElementsBaseVertex is a restricted form of glDrawElementsBaseVertex().  mode, start, end, count and basevertex match the
       corresponding arguments to glDrawElementsBaseVertex(), with the additional constraint that all values in the array indices must lie between
       start and end, inclusive, prior to adding basevertex. Index values lying outside the range [start, end] are treated in the same way as
       glDrawElementsBaseVertex(). The ith element transferred by the corresponding draw call will be taken from element indices[i] + basevertex
       of each enabled array. If the resulting value is larger than the maximum value representable by type, it is as if the calculation were
       upconverted to 32-bit unsigned integers (with wrapping on overflow conditions). The operation is undefined if the sum would be negative.

ERRORS

       GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if mode is not an accepted value.

       GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if count is negative.

       GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if end < start.

       GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if a geometry shader is active and mode is incompatible with the input primitive type of the geometry
       shader in the currently installed program object.

       GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to an enabled array or the element array and the buffer
       object's data store is currently mapped.

SEE ALSO

       glDrawElements(), glDrawElementsBaseVertex(), glDrawRangeElements(), glDrawElementsInstanced(), glDrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex()

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2010 Khronos Group. This material may be distributed subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication
       License, v 1.0, 8 June 1999.  http://opencontent.org/openpub/.

AUTHORS

       opengl.org

opengl.org							    06/10/2014						  GLDRAWRANGEELEMENTSB(3G)