DIRNAME(3) BSD Library Functions Manual DIRNAME(3)NAME
dirname -- extract the directory part of a pathname
SYNOPSIS
#include <libgen.h>
char *
dirname(char *path);
char *
dirname_r(const char *path, char *dname);
DESCRIPTION
The dirname() function is the converse of basename(3); it returns a pointer to the parent directory of the pathname pointed to by path. Any
trailing '/' characters are not counted as part of the directory name. If path is a null pointer, the empty string, or contains no '/' char-
acters, dirname() returns a pointer to the string ".", signifying the current directory.
IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
The dirname() function returns a pointer to internal storage space allocated on the first call that will be overwritten by subsequent calls.
dirname_r() is therefore preferred for threaded applications.
Other vendor implementations of dirname() may modify the contents of the string passed to dirname(); if portability is desired, this should
be taken into account when writing code which calls this function.
LEGACY SYNOPSIS
#include <libgen.h>
char *
dirname(const char *path);
In legacy mode, path will not be changed.
RETURN VALUES
On successful completion, dirname() returns a pointer to the parent directory of path.
If dirname() fails, a null pointer is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The following error codes may be set in errno:
[ENAMETOOLONG] The path component to be returned was larger than MAXPATHLEN.
[ENOMEM] The static buffer used for storing the path in dirname() could not be allocated.
SEE ALSO basename(1), dirname(1), basename(3), compat(5)STANDARDS
The dirname() function conforms to X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4, Version 2 (``XPG4.2'').
HISTORY
The dirname() function first appeared in OpenBSD 2.2 and FreeBSD 4.2. The dirname_r() function first appeared in OS X 10.12.
AUTHORS
Todd C. Miller
BSD October 12, 2006 BSD
Check Out this Related Man Page
basename(3) Library Functions Manual basename(3)NAME
basename, dirname, dirname_r - Return the base filename or directory portion of a pathname
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <libgen.h>
char *basename(
char *path);
char *dirname(
char *path);
The following function is supported only for backward compatibility:
#include <string.h>
int dirname_r(
char *path,
char *buf,
int size);
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows:
basename(), dirname(): XSH4.2
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags.
PARAMETERS
The string from which the base pathname or the directory portion is to be extracted. [Tru64 UNIX] Specifies a working buffer to hold the
directory name component. [Tru64 UNIX] Specifies the length of buf.
DESCRIPTION
The basename() and dirname() functions complement each other. The basename() function reads path and returns a pointer to the final compo-
nent of the pathname, deleting any trailing / (slash) characters. If the string consists entirely of the / (slash) character, basename()
returns a pointer to the string / (slash). If path is a null pointer or points to an empty string, basename() returns a pointer to the
string . (period).
[Tru64 UNIX] In applications that are compiled in an environment that excludes the _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED standard definitions, the base-
name() function returns an empty string if the string consists entirely of the / (slash) character. If path is a null pointer, basename()
returns a core dump. If path points to an empty string, basename() returns an empty string.
The dirname() function reads path and returns a pointer to a new string that is a pathname of the parent directory of that file. Trailing
/ (slash) characters in the path are not counted as part of the path. If there is no / (slash), if path is a null pointer, or if path
points to an empty string, the dirname() function returns a pointer to the string . (period).
[Tru64 UNIX] In applications that are compiled in an environment that excludes the _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED standard definitions, the
dirname() function returns a NULL if there is no / (slash), and a core dump if path is a null pointer, or if path points to an empty
string.
The dirname_r() function is the reentrant version of the dirname() function. It is supported only to maintain backward compatibility with
versions of the operating system prior to DIGITAL UNIX Version 4.0.
NOTES
The value returned by the basename() and dirname() functions is a pointer to a thread-specific buffer whose contents will be overwritten on
subsequent calls from the same thread.
[Tru64 UNIX] The basename(), dirname(), and dirname_r() functions belong to a small set of libc functions that are handled differently
when compiled in the X/Open UNIX environment. In the X/Open UNIX environment, calls to these functions are internally renamed by prepend-
ing _E to the function name. The renaming is done only when there is an incompatible conflict between an existing version of the function
and the version that conforms to the X/Open UNIX standard. The renaming strategy supports binary compatibility by allowing applications to
compile in the X/Open UNIX environment and also link with site-specific and third-party libraries that use the old versions of the same
libc interfaces. However, internal renaming of the calls affects how these calls are identified during debugging sessions. Therefore, when
you are debugging a module that includes the basename() and/or dirname() or dirname_r() functions and for which _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED has
been defined, use _Ebasename to refer to the basename() call and _Edirname to refer to the dirname call and _Edirname_r to refer to the
dirname_r call. See standards(5) for information on when the _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED macro is defined.
RETURN VALUES
Upon success, the basename() and dirname() functions return the component string. Upon failure, these functions return NULL. If there is
no / (slash), the dirname() function returns a . (period).
[Tru64 UNIX] In applications that are compiled in an environment that excludes the _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED standard definitions, the
dirname() function returns NULL if there is no / (slash).
[Tru64 UNIX] Upon successful completion, the dirname_r() function returns a value of 0 (zero) and places the directory name component in
the buffer pointed at by buf. Upon failure (for example, if there is no / (slash)), the dirname_r() function returns -1 and sets errno.
ERRORS
If the dirname_r() function fails, errno may be set to the following: The value of the buf parameter is invalid or too small.
RELATED INFORMATION
Commands: basename(1)
Standards: standards(5) delim off
basename(3)