fmaf(3) [freebsd man page]

FMA(3)							   BSD Library Functions Manual 						    FMA(3)

NAME

     fma, fmaf, fmal -- fused multiply-add

LIBRARY

     Math Library (libm, -lm)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <math.h>

     double
     fma(double x, double y, double z);

     float
     fmaf(float x, float y, float z);

     long double
     fmal(long double x, long double y, long double z);

DESCRIPTION

     The fma(), fmaf(), and fmal() functions return (x * y) + z, computed with only one rounding error.  Using the ordinary multiplication and
     addition operators, by contrast, results in two roundings: one for the intermediate product and one for the final result.

     For instance, the expression 1.2e100 * 2.0e208 - 1.4e308 produces infinity due to overflow in the intermediate product, whereas fma(1.2e100,
     2.0e208, -1.4e308) returns approximately 1.0e308.

     The fused multiply-add operation is often used to improve the accuracy of calculations such as dot products.  It may also be used to improve
     performance on machines that implement it natively.  The macros FP_FAST_FMA, FP_FAST_FMAF and FP_FAST_FMAL may be defined in <math.h> to
     indicate that fma(), fmaf(), and fmal() (respectively) have comparable or faster speed than a multiply operation followed by an add opera-
     tion.

IMPLEMENTATION NOTES

     In general, these routines will behave as one would expect if x * y + z were computed with unbounded precision and range, then rounded to the
     precision of the return type.  However, on some platforms, if z is NaN, these functions may not raise an exception even when the computation
     of x * y would have otherwise generated an invalid exception.

SEE ALSO

     fenv(3), math(3)

STANDARDS

     The fma(), fmaf(), and fmal() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (``ISO C99'').  A fused multiply-add operation with virtually identical
     characteristics appears in IEEE draft standard 754R.

HISTORY

     The fma() and fmaf() routines first appeared in FreeBSD 5.4, and fmal() appeared in FreeBSD 6.0.

BSD
								 January 22, 2005							       BSD

FMA(3)							     Linux Programmer's Manual							    FMA(3)

NAME

       fma, fmaf, fmal - floating-point multiply and add

SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double fma(double x, double y, double z);
       float fmaf(float x, float y, float z);
       long double fmal(long double x, long double y, long double z);

       Link with -lm.

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       fma(), fmaf(), fmal():
	   _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 600 || _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L;
	   or cc -std=c99

DESCRIPTION

       The  fma()  function  computes  x  *  y	+  z.	The result is rounded as one ternary operation according to the current rounding mode (see
       fenv(3)).

RETURN VALUE

       These functions return the value of x * y + z, rounded as one ternary operation.

       If x or y is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

       If x times y is an exact infinity, and z is an infinity with the opposite sign, a domain error occurs, and a NaN is returned.

       If one of x or y is an infinity, the other is 0, and z is not a NaN, a domain error occurs, and a NaN is returned.

       If one of x or y is an infinity, and the other is 0, and z is a NaN, a domain error occurs, and a NaN is returned.

       If x times y is not an infinity times zero (or vice versa), and z is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

       If the result overflows, a range error occurs, and an infinity with the correct sign is returned.

       If the result underflows, a range error occurs, and a signed 0 is returned.

ERRORS

       See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred when calling these functions.

       The following errors can occur:

       Domain error: x * y + z, or x * y is invalid and z is not a NaN
	      An invalid floating-point exception (FE_INVALID) is raised.

       Range error: result overflow
	      An overflow floating-point exception (FE_OVERFLOW) is raised.

       Range error: result underflow
	      An underflow floating-point exception (FE_UNDERFLOW) is raised.

       These functions do not set errno.

VERSIONS

       These functions first appeared in glibc in version 2.1.

CONFORMING TO

       C99, POSIX.1-2001.

SEE ALSO

       remainder(3), remquo(3)

COLOPHON

       This page is part of release 3.44 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs,  can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

								    2010-09-20								    FMA(3)