brk(2) [freebsd man page]

BRK(2)							      BSD System Calls Manual							    BRK(2)

NAME

     brk, sbrk -- change data segment size

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <unistd.h>

     int
     brk(const void *addr);

     void *
     sbrk(intptr_t incr);

DESCRIPTION

     The brk() and sbrk() functions are legacy interfaces from before the advent of modern virtual memory management.

     The brk() and sbrk() functions are used to change the amount of memory allocated in a process's data segment.  They do this by moving the
     location of the ``break''.  The break is the first address after the end of the process's uninitialized data segment (also known as the
     ``BSS'').

     The brk() function sets the break to addr.

     The sbrk() function raises the break by incr bytes, thus allocating at least incr bytes of new memory in the data segment.  If incr is nega-
     tive, the break is lowered by incr bytes.

NOTES

     While the actual process data segment size maintained by the kernel will only grow or shrink in page sizes, these functions allow setting the
     break to unaligned values (i.e., it may point to any address inside the last page of the data segment).

     The current value of the program break may be determined by calling sbrk(0).  See also end(3).

     The getrlimit(2) system call may be used to determine the maximum permissible size of the data segment.  It will not be possible to set the
     break beyond ``etext + rlim.rlim_max'' where the rlim.rlim_max value is returned from a call to getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlim).  (See end(3)
     for the definition of etext).

RETURN VALUES

     The brk() function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the
     error.

     The sbrk() function returns the prior break value if successful; otherwise the value (void *)-1 is returned and the global variable errno is
     set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

     The brk() and sbrk() functions will fail if:

     [EINVAL]		The requested break value was beyond the beginning of the data segment.

     [ENOMEM]		The data segment size limit, as set by setrlimit(2), was exceeded.

     [ENOMEM]		Insufficient space existed in the swap area to support the expansion of the data segment.

SEE ALSO

     execve(2), getrlimit(2), mmap(2), end(3), free(3), malloc(3)

HISTORY

     The brk() function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

BUGS

     Mixing brk() or sbrk() with malloc(3), free(3), or similar functions will result in non-portable program behavior.

     Setting the break may fail due to a temporary lack of swap space.	It is not possible to distinguish this from a failure caused by exceeding
     the maximum size of the data segment without consulting getrlimit(2).

BSD
								   July 12, 1999							       BSD

BRK(2)							      BSD System Calls Manual							    BRK(2)

NAME

     brk, sbrk -- change data segment size

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <unistd.h>

     int
     brk(const void *addr);

     void *
     sbrk(intptr_t incr);

DESCRIPTION

     The brk() and sbrk() functions are legacy interfaces from before the advent of modern virtual memory management.

     The brk() and sbrk() functions are used to change the amount of memory allocated in a process's data segment.  They do this by moving the
     location of the ``break''.  The break is the first address after the end of the process's uninitialized data segment (also known as the
     ``BSS'').

     The brk() function sets the break to addr.

     The sbrk() function raises the break by incr bytes, thus allocating at least incr bytes of new memory in the data segment.  If incr is nega-
     tive, the break is lowered by incr bytes.

NOTES

     While the actual process data segment size maintained by the kernel will only grow or shrink in page sizes, these functions allow setting the
     break to unaligned values (i.e., it may point to any address inside the last page of the data segment).

     The current value of the program break may be determined by calling sbrk(0).  See also end(3).

     The getrlimit(2) system call may be used to determine the maximum permissible size of the data segment.  It will not be possible to set the
     break beyond ``etext + rlim.rlim_max'' where the rlim.rlim_max value is returned from a call to getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlim).  (See end(3)
     for the definition of etext).

RETURN VALUES

     The brk() function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the
     error.

     The sbrk() function returns the prior break value if successful; otherwise the value (void *)-1 is returned and the global variable errno is
     set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

     The brk() and sbrk() functions will fail if:

     [EINVAL]		The requested break value was beyond the beginning of the data segment.

     [ENOMEM]		The data segment size limit, as set by setrlimit(2), was exceeded.

     [ENOMEM]		Insufficient space existed in the swap area to support the expansion of the data segment.

SEE ALSO

     execve(2), getrlimit(2), mmap(2), end(3), free(3), malloc(3)

HISTORY

     The brk() function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

BUGS

     Mixing brk() or sbrk() with malloc(3), free(3), or similar functions will result in non-portable program behavior.

     Setting the break may fail due to a temporary lack of swap space.	It is not possible to distinguish this from a failure caused by exceeding
     the maximum size of the data segment without consulting getrlimit(2).

BSD
								   July 12, 1999							       BSD