uruk(8) SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION uruk(8)
NAME
uruk - wrapper for Linux iptables, for managing firewall rules
SYNOPSIS
uruk
DESCRIPTION
uruk loads an rc file (see uruk-rc(5)) which defines network service access policy, and invokes iptables(8) to set up firewall rules imple-
menting this policy. By default the file /etc/uruk/rc is used; one can overrule this by specifying another file in the URUK_CONFIG environ-
ment variable. Under some circumstances, it's useful to use another command for iptables; this can be achieved by setting the URUK_IPTABLES
(and/or URUK_IP6TABLES) environment variables. See uruk-rc(5) for details.
QUICK SETUP GUIDE
Uruk will not "just work" out of the box. It needs manual configuration. For those of you who don't like reading lots of documentation:
# cp /usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/rc
/etc/uruk/rc
# vi /etc/uruk/rc
# /etc/init.d/uruk start
GETTING STARTED
Once the uruk script is installed, you want to go use it, of course. We'll give a detailed description of what to do here.
First, create an rc file. See uruk-rc(5) for info on how to do this. Once this file is created and installed (this script looks in
/etc/uruk/rc by default), you're ready to run uruk. You might want to test your rc file by running uruk in debug mode, see uruk-rc(5).
Vanilla iptables
After editing rc, load your rules like this. First flush your current rules:
# iptables -F
# ip6tables -F
Then enable your rc rules
# uruk
. Inspect the rules by doing:
# iptables -L
# ip6tables -L
. If you want to make these changes survive a reboot, use the init script as shipped with this package. If you'd rather write your own init
script, the iptables-restore(8) and iptables-save(8) commands from the iptables package might be helpful.
Using the Uruk init script
Assumed is the Uruk init script is installed as explained in the README file. Optionally, install /etc/default/uruk (or /etc/syscon-
fig/uruk) and tweak it. An example file is in /usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/default (You might like to enable support for uruk-save.) Now
activate uruk by doing:
# /etc/init.d/uruk start
Now your pre-uruk iptables rules (if any) are saved as the "inactive" ruleset. While executing /etc/init.d/uruk start, your box is open
during a short while. If you don't like this, read below about uruk-save.
When rebooting, everything will be fine: /etc/init.d/uruk stores state in /var/lib/uruk/iptables, using iptables-save(8), which comes with
Linux iptables.
Using Debian ifupdown
In case you have just one network interface which should get protected, you could use interfaces(5) from the Debian ifupdown package instead
of the init script. Suppose you'd like to protect ppp0, and would like not to interfere with traffic on eth0: your other network interface.
First write an rc file. Be sure it features
interfaces_unprotect="lo eth0"
Then run:
# mkdir -p /var/lib/uruk/iptables
# iptables -F
# iptables-save -c > /var/lib/uruk/iptables/down
# uruk
# iptables-save -c > /var/lib/uruk/iptables/up
Add
pre-up iptables-restore < /var/lib/uruk/iptables/up
post-down iptables-restore < /var/lib/uruk/iptables/down
to your interfaces stanza, in your /etc/network/interfaces .
Similar tricks might be possible on GNU/Linux systems from other distributions. The author is interested.
LOADING A NEW rc FILE
Need to change your rules?
Using the Uruk init script
Do
# vi /etc/uruk/rc
# /etc/init.d/uruk force-reload
While executing /etc/init.d/uruk force-reload, your box is open during a short while. If you don't like this, read below about uruk-save.
THE GORY DETAILS: uruk INTERNALS
The uruk script works like (and looks like) the list of statements below. Of course, take a look at /usr/sbin/uruk for the final word on the
workings.
1
rc is sourced as a shell script
2
Traffic on $interfaces_unprotect (just lo per default) is trusted:
$iptables -A INPUT -i $iface -j ACCEPT
3
$rc_a is sourced as a shell script, or, in case $rc_a is a directory, all files matching $rc_a/*.rc are sourced as shell scripts
4
ESTABLISHED and RELATED packets are ACCEPT-ed:
$iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED
-j ACCEPT
5
$rc_b is sourced
6
$interfaces gets protected against spoofing: we don't allow anyone to spoof non-routeable addresses. We block outgoing packets that don't
have our address as source: they are either spoofed or something is misconfigured (NAT disabled, for instance). We want to be nice and
don't send out garbage.
$iptables -A INPUT -i $iface --source $no_route_ip
-j DROP
We drop all incoming packets which don't have us as destination:
$iptables -A OUTPUT -o $iface --source ! "$ip"
-j DROP
And we always allow outgoing connections:
$iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state NEW -o $iface
-j ACCEPT
7
$rc_c is sourced
8
Allow traffic to offered services, from trusted sources:
$iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW
-i $iface --protocol $proto --source "$source"
--destination "$ip" --destination-port "$port"
-j ACCEPT
9
$rc_d is sourced
10
Don't answer broadcast and multicast packets:
$iptables -A INPUT -i $iface --destination "$bcast"
-j DROP
11
$rc_f is sourced
12
Explicitly allow a subset of the ICMP types. (We disallow all other traffic later.)
$iptables -A INPUT --protocol icmp --icmp-type $type
-j ACCEPT
13
$rc_g is sourced
14
Log packets (which make it till here)
$iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-level debug
--log-prefix 'iptables: '
15
$rc_h is sourced
16
Reject all other packets
$iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT
17
$rc_i is sourced
USING uruk-save AS THE INITSCRIPT BACKEND
By default, uruk-save is not used by the uruk init script. You might want to use it, though. The uruk-save script is faster and when using
uruk-save, your box won't be open while loading new rules. But beware: uruk-save is not as robust as using uruk itself. However, if you
don't use any hooks in your rc file, you're save.
The init script will use uruk-save only if asked to do so in /etc/default/uruk (or /etc/sysconfig/uruk). If this file features
enable_uruk_save=true
enable_uruk_save_warning=false
uruk-save is used whenever appropriate. The enable_uruk_save_warning variable controls whether a warning should get displayed whenever uruk-
save is called. See uruk-save(8) for more details.
DEFAULT POLICY
By default, uruk drops packets which have unknown RFC 1918 private network addresses in their source or destination.
It rejects packets with source nor destination for one of our IPs.
Packets belonging to locally initiated sessions are allowed: we match state; the local host can act as a client for any remote service.
By default, uruk drops all ICMP packets (except those for interfaces in $interfaces_unprotect) with type other than
o
address-mask-reply
o
address-mask-request
o
destination-unreachable (this is a catch-all for a lot of types)
o
echo-request
o
echo-reply
o
parameter-problem (catch-all for ip-header-bad and required-option-missing)
o
timestamp-reply
o
timestamp-request
o
ttl-zero-during-transit
o
ttl-zero-during-reassembly
By default, the FORWARD chain is left untouched, so has policy ACCEPT. (This won't do much harm, since packet forwarding is disabled by
default in the Linux kernel. However, if you don't mind being paranoid, you might want to add a
iptables --policy FORWARD REJECT
to your $rc_a uruk hook. See uruk-rc(5).)
By default, uruk logs all UDP and TCP packets which are blocked by the user defined policies. Loglevel is debug, logprefix is "iptables:".
See also the notes on loglevel in uruk-rc(5).
Blocked TCP packets are answered with a tcp-reset.
WARNING
In order to keep the uruk script small and simple, the script does very little error handling. It does not check the contents of the rc file
in any way before executing it. When your rc file contains bogus stuff, uruk will very likely behave in unexpected ways. Caveat emptor.
ENVIRONMENT
You can override some defaults in the shell before executing the uruk script. uruk honors the following variables:
o
"URUK_CONFIG" Full pathname of rc file; /etc/uruk/rc by default.
o
"URUK_IPTABLES" Full pathname of iptables executable. /sbin/iptables by default. Overrides iptables.
o
"URUK_IP6TABLES" Full pathname of ip6tables executable, for IPv6 support. Overrides ip6tables.
o
"URUK_INTERFACES_UNPROTECT" Default list of unprotected interfaces. Overrides interfaces_unprotect. The default default is lo.
SEE ALSO
uruk-rc(5), uruk-save(8). The Uruk homepage is at http://mdcc.cx/uruk/ .
iptables(8), iptables-save(8), iptables-restore(8), ip6tables(8), ip6tables-save(8), ip6tables-restore(8), http://www.netfilter.org/
interfaces(5), http://packages.debian.org/ifupdown.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2003 Stichting LogReport Foundation logreport@logreport.org; Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Tilburg University http://www.uvt.nl/;
Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010 Joost van Baal <joostvb-uruk@mdcc.cx>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABIL-
ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
AUTHOR
Joost van Baal <joostvb-uruk@mdcc.cx>
uruk 20120530 30 mai 2012 uruk(8)