__bread(9) [centos man page]

__BREAD(9)							   The Linux VFS							__BREAD(9)

NAME

       __bread - reads a specified block and returns the bh

SYNOPSIS

       struct buffer_head * __bread(struct block_device * bdev, sector_t block, unsigned size);

ARGUMENTS

       bdev
	   the block_device to read from

       block
	   number of block

       size
	   size (in bytes) to read

DESCRIPTION

       Reads a specified block, and returns buffer head that contains it. It returns NULL if the block was unreadable.

COPYRIGHT

Kernel Hackers Manual 3.10					     June 2014								__BREAD(9)

MPAGE_READPAGES(9)						   The Linux VFS						MPAGE_READPAGES(9)

NAME

       mpage_readpages - populate an address space with some pages & start reads against them

SYNOPSIS

       int mpage_readpages(struct address_space * mapping, struct list_head * pages, unsigned nr_pages, get_block_t get_block);

ARGUMENTS

       mapping
	   the address_space

       pages
	   The address of a list_head which contains the target pages. These pages have their ->index populated and are otherwise uninitialised.
	   The page at pages->prev has the lowest file offset, and reads should be issued in pages->prev to pages->next order.

       nr_pages
	   The number of pages at *pages

       get_block
	   The filesystem's block mapper function.

DESCRIPTION

       This function walks the pages and the blocks within each page, building and emitting large BIOs.

       If anything unusual happens, such as:

       - encountering a page which has buffers - encountering a page which has a non-hole after a hole - encountering a page with non-contiguous
       blocks

       then this code just gives up and calls the buffer_head-based read function. It does handle a page which has holes at the end - that is a
       common case: the end-of-file on blocksize < PAGE_CACHE_SIZE setups.

BH_BOUNDARY EXPLANATION
       There is a problem. The mpage read code assembles several pages, gets all their disk mappings, and then submits them all. That's fine, but
       obtaining the disk mappings may require I/O. Reads of indirect blocks, for example.

       So an mpage read of the first 16 blocks of an ext2 file will cause I/O to be

SUBMITTED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER

       12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16

       because the indirect block has to be read to get the mappings of blocks 13,14,15,16. Obviously, this impacts performance.

       So what we do it to allow the filesystem's get_block function to set BH_Boundary when it maps block 11. BH_Boundary says: mapping of the
       block after this one will require I/O against a block which is probably close to this one. So you should push what I/O you have currently
       accumulated.

       This all causes the disk requests to be issued in the correct order.

COPYRIGHT

Kernel Hackers Manual 3.10					     June 2014							MPAGE_READPAGES(9)