IP Networking

ssh can't do that, no. It takes a device driver to create an ethernet device.

Even given that, there's practical problems with pretending to be someone else's network card.

Using a VPN service like openvpn, which does use device drivers, you can bridge yourself into a remote network as a different network device but effectively on the same subnet as the one you want to clone, which is almost as good. But using a VPN this way is considered awkward and cumbersome, not very efficient.

What is your actual goal in trying to emulate a remote network device? There may be more straightforward ways.