Use and complete the template provided. The entire template must be completed. If you don't, your post may be deleted!
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data:
List the last 3 times you logged into the hottub and the command(s) you used to obtain this information
2. Relevant commands, code, scripts, algorithms:
3. The attempts at a solution (include all code and scripts):
1) last agreen1 |head -n 3
2) tail -n 100 messages|grep agreen1
4. Complete Name of School (University), City (State), Country, Name of Professor, and Course Number (Link to Course):
University of Illinois, O'Reilly School of Technology, Kelly Hoover, Linux/Unix 1: The Unix file system
Note: Without school/professor/course information, you will be banned if you post here! You must complete the entire template (not just parts of it).
So basically I telnet into a server called cold1 then ssh into a server called hottub, and then into one called bubble. I have root privilege in my bubble.
When i use the "last" command I was told that it only shows me where I have come from not where I am. If Im logged into the bubble it will show me my hottub logins. If Im on huttub it will show me my cold1 logins. So thats not the way.
So I logged into the hottub server and used cd /var/log to get to the log diectory. Then used the above command: tail -n 100 messages|grep agreen1.
This what my instructor said about my failed attempt: "You have the idea however we have a simpler command with a simpler output, that just shows logins and can specify only the last 3 logins.
See the man page for last. The last command tells you about logins on the current host; look for options to limit the output both by number of lines and by user. Look at the man page for hostname as that will help you determine where you are.
Last does include information about where you logged in from, but I think that's not important for your assignment. Yes, you are on the right track I think.
Thank you for your help. Im not seeing anything in the last man page. I also was just looking at the tail man page. If I tail the file messages and pipe it through a search of my user name I get the info I need (at least it seems that way) but apparently there is an easier way or simpler command. I have reviewed my lesson several times and Im not seeing it. Ill messages her tomorrow if need be. I was trying for some help here because sometimes it starts a discussion and you can learn more from a group of people.
Seems to me the -n option to last would be helpful as well as the ability to sepecify the user name on the command line to limit what last presents. It is quite possible that in your environment the last command is different. What environment are you running (shell and o/s)?
Two hints: Suppose you go to the car shop to buy some replacement part. If the dealer asks you which car it is you don't answer "a red one" or "a Ford". You tell him the exact model and the year it was built.
If you are asked about the OS you don't answer "Linux", but ideally the output of uname -a, eventually followed by the distribution and version. For instance:
Code:
Linux brecht 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:32:27 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
This tells the kernel version (2.6.35-22), that it is a 64-bit system (x86_64) and the distribution (Ubuntu), from the kernel version one can deduce that it is Ubuntu 10.04.
The second hint: are you sure you read the right man page? Maybe man pages are not installed (install them) or are not installed properly? Are they indexed correctly? (I am not sure if this is necessary in Linux - in AIX after installing man pages root is supposed to issue catman -w.)
Just to make sure we talk about the same: this is the page you should see:
Code:
# man last
LAST,LASTB(1) Linux System Administrator's Manual LAST,LASTB(1)
NAME
last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users
SYNOPSIS
last [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adFiox] [ -f file ] [ -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ] [name...]
[tty...]
lastb [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [ -f file ] [-adFiox] [name...] [tty...]
DESCRIPTION
Last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag)
and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names
of users and tty's can be given, in which case last will show only those entries matching
the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.
When last catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a
SIGQUIT signal (generated by the quit key, usually control-\), last will show how far it
has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will then terminate.
The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus last reboot will
show a log of all reboots since the log file was created.
Lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the file
/var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.
OPTIONS
-f file
Tells last to use a specific file instead of /var/log/wtmp.
-num This is a count telling last how many lines to show.
-n num The same.
-t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This is useful, e.g., to
determine easily who was logged in at a particular time -- specify that time with
-t and look for "still logged in".
-R Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
-a Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the next flag.
-d For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host but
its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number back into a hostname.
-F Print full login and logout times and dates.
-i This option is like -d in that it displays the IP number of the remote host, but it
displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
-o Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
-x Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
NOTES
The files wtmp and btmp might not be found. The system only logs information in these
files if they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to
be used, they can be created with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch
/var/log/wtmp).
FILES
/var/log/wtmp
/var/log/btmp
AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
SEE ALSO
shutdown(8), login(1), init(8)
Jul 31, 2004 LAST,LASTB(1)
Linux hottub3.useractive.com 2.4.34.2-skas3 #7 SMP Fri Mar 21 14:53:59 CDT 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
Linux bubble151.private.useractive.com 2.4.32-bs3 #1 Thu Jun 1 13:41:53 CDT 2006 i686 unknown
---------- Post updated at 06:17 AM ---------- Previous update was at 06:09 AM ----------
This is the man page I have in my hottub and bubble. I have the man page you posted above in the first server, cold1.
Code:
LAST,LASTB(1) Linux System Administrator's Manual LAST,LASTB(1)
NAME
last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users
SYNOPSIS
last [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adiox] [ -f file ] [name...] [tty...]
lastb [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [ -f file ] [-adiox] [name...] [tty...]
DESCRIPTION
Last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and dis
plays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users and tty's
can be given, in which case last will show only those entries matching the arguments. Names of ttys
can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.
When last catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT
signal (generated by the quit key, usually control-\), last will show how far it has searched through
the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will then terminate.
The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus last reboot will show a log of
all reboots since the log file was created.
Lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the file /var/log/btmp, which
contains all the bad login attempts.
OPTIONS
-num This is a count telling last how many lines to show.
-n num The same.
-R Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
-a Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the next flag.
-d For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host but its IP number
as well. This option translates the IP number back into a hostname.
-i This option is like -d in that it displays the IP number of the remote host, but it displays
the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
-o Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
-x Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
NOTES
The files wtmp and btmp might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they
are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be cre
ated with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch /var/log/wtmp).
FILES
/var/log/wtmp
/var/log/btmp
AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
SEE ALSO
shutdown(8), login(1), init(8)
Jul 29, 1999 1
(END)
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