By Jenny Anderson NYT It is an obscure art of Wall Street, a technique that gives a scattering of traders an edge over everyone else and the Securities and Exchange Commission wants to stamp it out.* The SEC on Thursday proposed to ban what are known as flash orders, which use powerful computers to glimpse at [...]
i have a Intel Quad Core Xeon X3440 (4 x 2.53GHz, 8MB Cache, Hyper Threaded) with 16gig and 1tb harddrive with a 1gb port and my apache is causing my cpu to go up to 100% on all four cores heres my http.config
<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 10
MinSpareServers 10
MaxSpareServers 15... (4 Replies)
Hi,
I am seeing very high kernel usage and very high load averages on my system (Although we are not loading much data to our database). Here is the output of top...does anyone know what i should be looking at?
Thanks,
Lorraine
last pid: 13144; load averages: 22.32, 19.81, 16.78 ... (4 Replies)
Xray::Absorption::Chantler(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Xray::Absorption::Chantler(3pm)NAME
Xray::Absorption::Chantler - Perl interface to the Chantler tables
SYNOPSIS
use Xray::Absorption;
Xray::Absorption -> load("chantler");
See the documentation for Xray::Absorption for details.
DESCRIPTION
This module is inherited by the Xray::Absorption module and provides access to the data contained in the Chantler tables of anomalous
scattering factors and line and edge energies.
The data in this module, referred to as "The Chantler Tables", was published as
C. T. Chantler
Theoretical Form Factor, Attenuation, and Scattering Tabulation
for Z = 1 - 92 from E = 1 - 10 eV to E = 0.4 - 1.0 MeV
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 24, 71(1995)
This can be found on the web at
http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/FFast/Text/cover.html
The Chantler data is available on the web at
http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/FFast/html/form.html
More information can be found on the personal web page of C.T. Chantler
http://optics.ph.unimelb.edu.au/~chantler/home.html
The data contained in a database file called chantler.db which is generated at install time from the flat text files of the Chantler data.
The data is stored in a Storable archive using "network" ordering. This allows speedy disk and memory access along with network and
platform portability.
The required "File::Spec", "Chemistry::Elements", and "Storable" modules are available from CPAN.
METHODS
The behaviour of the methods in this module is a bit different from other modules used by "Xray::Absorption". This section describes
methods which behave differently for this data resource.
"get_energy"
Example:
$energy = Xray::Absorption -> get_energy($elem, $edge);
This behaves similarly to the "get_energy" method of the other resources. When using the Chantler data resource, $edge can be any of
K, L1-L3, M1-M5, N1-N7, O1-O5, or P1-P3. Line energies are not supplied with the Chantler data set. The line energies from the
McMaster tables are used.
"cross_section"
Example:
$xsec = Xray::Absorption -> cross_section($elem, $energy, $mode);
This behaves slightly differently from the similar method for the McMaster and Elam resources. The Chantler tables contain anomalous
scattering factors and the sum of the coherent and incoherent scattering cross-sections. The photo-electric cross-section is
calculated from the imaginary part of the anomalous scattering by the formula
mu = 2 * r_e * lambda * conv * f_2
where, "r_e" is the classical electron radius, lamdba is the photon wavelength, and conv is a units conversion factor.
r_e = 2.817938 x 10^-15 m
lambda = 2 pi hbar c / energy
hbar*c = 1973.27053324 eV*Angstrom
conv = Avagadro / atomic weight
= 6.022045e7 / weight in cgs
The $mode argument is different here than for the other resources. The options are "xsec", "f1", "f2", "photo", and "scatter" telling
this method to return the full cross-section cross-section, the real or imaginary anomalous scattering factor, just the photoelectric
crosss-section, or just the coherent and incoherent scattering, respectively.
The values for f1 and f2 are computed by linear interpolation of a semi-log scale, as described in the literature reference. Care is
taken to avoid the discontinuities at the edges.
EDGE AND LINE ENERGIES
The Chantler data resource provides a fairly complete set of edge energies. Any edge tabulated on the Gwyn William's Table of Electron
Binding Energies for the Elements (that's the one published by NSLS and on the door of just about every hutch at NSLS) is in the Chantler
data resource. The Chantler data comes with the same, limited set of fluorescence energies as McMaster.
BUGS AND THINGS TO DO
o It would be nice to improve the inter-/extrapolation near absorption edges. As it stands, these tables produce really poor DAFS
output.
AUTHOR
Bruce Ravel, bruce@phys.washington.edu
http://feff.phys.washington.edu/~ravel/software/Absorption
perl v5.12.4 2011-07-30 Xray::Absorption::Chantler(3pm)
