EXEC(1P)						     POSIX Programmer's Manual							  EXEC(1P)

PROLOG

       This  manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the correspond-
       ing Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       exec -- execute commands and open, close, or copy file descriptors

SYNOPSIS

       exec [command [argument...]]

DESCRIPTION

       The exec utility shall open, close, and/or copy file descriptors as specified by any redirections as part of the command.

       If exec is specified without command or arguments, and any file descriptors with numbers greater than 2 are opened  with  associated  redi-
       rection statements, it is unspecified whether those file descriptors remain open when the shell invokes another utility.  Scripts concerned
       that child shells could misuse open file descriptors can always close them explicitly, as shown in one of the following examples.

       If exec is specified with command, it shall replace the shell with command without creating a new process. If arguments are specified, they
       shall be arguments to command.  Redirection affects the current shell execution environment.

OPTIONS

       None.

OPERANDS

       See the DESCRIPTION.

STDIN

       Not used.

INPUT FILES

       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       None.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

       Default.

STDOUT

       Not used.

STDERR

       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES

       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION

       None.

EXIT STATUS

       If command is specified, exec shall not return to the shell; rather, the exit status of the process shall be the exit status of the program
       implementing command, which overlaid the shell. If command is not found, the exit status shall be 127. If command is found, but it  is  not
       an  executable  utility, the exit status shall be 126. If a redirection error occurs (see Section 2.8.1, Consequences of Shell Errors), the
       shell shall exit with a value in the range 1-125. Otherwise, exec shall return a zero exit status.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS

       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

       None.

EXAMPLES

       Open readfile as file descriptor 3 for reading:

	   exec 3< readfile

       Open writefile as file descriptor 4 for writing:

	   exec 4> writefile

       Make file descriptor 5 a copy of file descriptor 0:

	   exec 5<&0

       Close file descriptor 3:

	   exec 3<&-

       Cat the file maggie by replacing the current shell with the cat utility:

	   exec cat maggie

RATIONALE

       Most historical implementations were not conformant in that:

	   foo=bar exec cmd

       did not pass foo to cmd.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       Section 2.14, Special Built-In Utilities

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technol-
       ogy  --	Portable  Operating  System  Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Stan-
       dard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE
/The Open Group						       2013								  EXEC(1P)