Meaning of ps -afe ,ps -fp and ptree Post: 97711

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[Tip] ptree for Linux

Unix (and Linux) uses a process tree that gives a natural security, by simple inheritance of attributes. The following ptree script shows it. It runs on all Linux flavors. Mostly useful for debugging. #!/bin/sh # Solaris style ptree && exec /usr/bin/ptree "$@" ...

LEARN ABOUT MOJAVE

ptree

ptree(1)																  ptree(1)

NAME

       ptree - print process trees

SYNOPSIS

       /usr/bin/ptree [-a] [-c] [-z zone] [pid | user] ...

       ptree  prints  the  process  trees  containing the specified pids or users, with child processes indented from their respective parent pro-
       cesses. An argument of all digits is taken to be a process-id, otherwise it is assumed to be a user login name. The  default  is  all  pro-
       cesses.

       The following options are supported:

       -a	       All. Print all processes, including children of process 0.

       -c	       Contracts.  Print  process  contract  memberships  in  addition to parent-child relationships. See process(4).  This option
		       implies the -a option.

       -z zone	       Zones. Print only processes in the specified zone. Each zone ID can be specified as either a zone name or a numerical  zone
		       ID.

		       This option is only useful when executed in the global zone.

       The following operands are supported:

       pid	       Process-id  or  a  list of process-ids. ptree also accepts /proc/nnn as a process-id, so the shell expansion /proc/* can be
		       used to specify all processes in the system.

       user	       Username or list of usernames. Processes whose effective user IDs match those given are displayed.

       Example 1: Using ptree

       The following example prints the process tree (including children of process 0) for processes which match the command name ssh:

       $ ptree -a `pgrep ssh`
	       1     /sbin/init
		 100909 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
		   569150 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
		     569157 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
		       569159 -ksh
			 569171 bash
			   569173 /bin/ksh
			     569193 bash

       The following exit values are returned:

       0	       Successful operation.

       non-zero        An error has occurred.

       /proc/*	       process files

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWesu			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Interface Stability	     |See below.		   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

       The human readable output is Unstable. The options are Evolving.

       gcore(1), ldd(1), pargs(1), pgrep(1), pkill(1), plimit(1),  pmap(1),  preap(1),	proc(1),  ps(1),  ppgsz(1),  pwd(1),  rlogin(1),  time(1),
       truss(1), wait(1), fcntl(2), fstat(2), setuid(2), dlopen(3C), signal.h(3HEAD), core(4), proc(4), process(4), attributes(5), zones(5)

								    11 Oct 2005 							  ptree(1)