06-03-2005
Set GID Bit on Directories
We briefly mentioned that files have a user and group associated with them. Originally, it was just the user and group of whoever created them. But originally, a user could be in only one group at a time. BSD introduced the concept that a user could be in multiple groups simutaneously. So in BSD, which group was used? BSD decided to use the group of the directory that contained the newly created file.
Many modern versions of unix try to have it both ways. A newly created file gets the group of the user unless the directory has the setgid bit. In that case, the newly created file gets the group of the directory.
And there is an exception to that! Changing the owner or group of a file has security concerns. For that reason, some versions of unix will, optionally, prohibit a user other than root from changing the owner of a file. Additionally, a user is prohibited from changing the group of a file unless he is a member of the new group. This restriction will override the setgid bit on a directory if needed.
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
setregid
SETREGID(2) BSD System Calls Manual SETREGID(2)
NAME
setregid -- set real and effective group ID
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <unistd.h>
int
setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid);
DESCRIPTION
The real and effective group ID's of the current process are set to the arguments. If the real group ID is changed, the saved group ID is
changed to the new value of the effective group ID.
Unprivileged users may change the real group ID to the effective group ID and vice-versa; only the super-user may make other changes.
Supplying a value of -1 for either the real or effective group ID forces the system to substitute the current ID in place of the -1 argument.
The setregid() system call was intended to allow swapping the real and effective group IDs in set-group-ID programs to temporarily relinquish
the set-group-ID value. This system call did not work correctly, and its purpose is now better served by the use of the setegid(2) system
call.
When setting the real and effective group IDs to the same value, the standard setgid() system call is preferred.
RETURN VALUES
The setregid() function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indi-
cate the error.
ERRORS
[EPERM] The current process is not the super-user and a change other than changing the effective group-id to the real group-id was
specified.
SEE ALSO
getgid(2), issetugid(2), setegid(2), setgid(2), setuid(2)
HISTORY
The setregid() system call appeared in 4.2BSD.
BSD
April 16, 1994 BSD