09-21-2001
If you and I are on the system and we both run vi to edit different files, no modern kernel will give us two complete seperate copies of vi. The program's memory will be broken into segments. The text segment contains (roughly) the code and the unchanging constants. We will share one text segment bewteen us. We each get a data segment and we each get a stack. top will report the total of all the segments for each process, but you can't add them up and expect that system needs to use that much physical memory. With shared libraries, it get a bit more confused. If you use emacs and I use vi, will we have different text segments, but we both might be using the same copy of printf and other library functions. Oracle is probably using shared memory which further complicates things. Shared memory is another memory segment, and again many processes can map that seqment into their memory space. So 100 copies of a 700 MB program might easily fit in a couple of GB of memory.
In view of all this, it really isn't possible anymore to truly say how much memory a single process is using in the sense that you want. Each process really is using 700MB, but they are sharing very large chucks of this with other processes.
Most versions of top have a line that shows system-wide memory usage.
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IPCS(1) BSD General Commands Manual IPCS(1)
NAME
ipcs -- report System V interprocess communication facilities status
SYNOPSIS
ipcs [-abcMmopQqSsTt]
DESCRIPTION
The ipcs utility provides information on System V interprocess communication (IPC) facilities on the system.
The options are as follows:
-a Show the maximum amount of information possible when displaying active semaphores, message queues, and shared memory segments. (This
is shorthand for specifying the -b, -c, -o, -p, and -t options.)
-b Show the maximum allowed sizes for active semaphores, message queues, and shared memory segments. The ``maximum allowed size'' is
the maximum number of bytes in a message on a message queue, the size of a shared memory segment, or the number of semaphores in a
set of semaphores.
-c Show the creator's name and group for active semaphores, message queues, and shared memory segments.
-M Display system information about shared memory.
-m Display information about active shared memory segments.
-o Show outstanding usage for active message queues, and shared memory segments. The ``outstanding usage'' is the number of messages in
a message queue, or the number of processes attached to a shared memory segment.
-p Show the process ID information for active semaphores, message queues, and shared memory segments. The ``process ID information'' is
the last process to send a message to or receive a message from a message queue, the process that created a semaphore, or the last
process to attach or detach a shared memory segment.
-Q Display system information about messages queues.
-q Display information about active message queues.
-S Display system information about semaphores.
-s Display information about active semaphores.
-T Display system information about shared memory, message queues and semaphores.
-t Show access times for active semaphores, message queues, and shared memory segments. The access times is the time of the last con-
trol operation on an IPC object, the last send or receive of a message, the last attach or detach of a shared memory segment, or the
last operation on a semaphore.
If none of the -M, -m, -Q, -q, -S, or -s options are specified, information about all active IPC facilities is listed.
RESTRICTIONS
System data structures may change while ipcs is running; the output of ipcs is not guaranteed to be consistent.
BUGS
This manual page is woefully incomplete, because it does not at all attempt to explain the information printed by ipcs.
SEE ALSO
ipcrm(1)
AUTHORS
Thorsten Lockert <tholo@sigmasoft.com>
BSD
June 18, 1994 BSD