03-14-2005
Thoughout the sixties, computers were upper case only. Most printers could not print a lower case letter. Crt's were very rare, and printing terminals could not handle 2 cases. I used to enter my programs on a 029 keypunch which was upper case only.
Unix bucked the trend by supporting two cases. Look at the "stty iuclc" and "stty olcuc" commands. These show the hoops that unix had to jump through to support two cases in a one case world. I believe that they did it to support the Ascii standard which very clearly states that A and a are two different characters.
Microsoft built dos for IBM. At first it was called "PC-DOS". I think IBM wanted compatability with it's other OS's which were monocase.
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conv(3C) conv(3C)
NAME
toupper(), tolower(), _toupper(), _tolower(), toascii() - translate characters
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
and have as domain the range of getc(3S): the integers from -1 through 255. If the argument of represents a lower-case letter, the result
is the corresponding upper-case letter. If the argument of represents an upper-case letter, the result is the corresponding lower-case
letter. All other arguments in the domain are returned unchanged. Arguments outside the domain cause undefined results.
The macros and are identical to and respectively.
yields its argument with all bits that are not part of a standard 7-bit ASCII character cleared; it is intended for compatibility with
other systems.
WARNINGS
is supplied both as a library function and as a macro defined in the header. Normally, the macro version is used. To obtain the library
function, either use a to remove the macro definition or, if compiling in ANSI C mode, enclose the function name in parenthesis or take its
address. The following examples use the library function for
or
The following example use the library function for
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Locale
The category determines the translations to be done.
International Code Set Support
Single-byte character code sets are supported.
AUTHOR
was developed by IBM, OSF, and HP.
SEE ALSO
ctype(3C), getc(3S), setlocale(3C), lang(5), thread_safety(5).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
conv(3C)