02-11-2005
Linking with gcc
Forgive as I am new to the gcc compiler and to linux. I am trying to compile/link a program for the first time and am receiving an error complaining about the crtbegin.o file. I use the -v option and get the following:
Using built-in specs.
Configured with: ../configure --enable-threads=posix --prefix=/usr --with-local-prefix=/usr/local --infodir=/usr/share/inf
o --mandir=/usr/share/man --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-languages=c,c++,f77,objc,java,ada --enable-libgcj --with-gxx-include-
dir=/usr/include/g++ --with-slibdir=/lib --with-system-zlib --enable-shared --enable-__cxa_atexit i486-suse-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.2.2
ld --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_i386 -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o BCPProductSummary.x /usr/lib/gcc-lib/../crt1.o /usr/l
ib/gcc-lib/../crti.o crtbegin.o -L/home/jab910/Work/AIX/Source/Common -L/home/jab910/Work/AIX/Source/Messaging -L/pcs/bin
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/.. -ldb2 -lmqm -lCommon BCPProductSummarySetup.o BCPProductSummaryProcess.o -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lc -lgcc -l
gcc_eh crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc-lib/../crtn.o
ld: cannot open crtbegin.o: No such file or directory
done
jab910@ossdb2:~/Work/AIX/Source/BCPProductSummary> locate crtbegin.o
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-suse-linux/3.2.2/crtbegin.o
The /usr/lib/gcc-lib/../crti.o crtbegin.o are listed in the ld but can it can not find it. Why is that???
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
hardened-cc
HARDENED-CC(1) Debian GNU/Linux HARDENED-CC(1)
NAME
hardened-cc - gcc wrapper to enforce hardening toolchain improvements
SYNOPSIS
export DEB_BUILD_HARDENING=1
gcc ...
DESCRIPTION
The hardened-cc wrapper is normally used by calling gcc as usual when DEB_BUILD_HARDENING is set to 1. It will configure the necessary
toolchain hardening features. By default, all features are enabled. If a given feature does not work correctly and needs to be disabled,
the corresponding environment variables mentioned below can be set to 0.
ENVIRONMENT
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING=1
Enable hardening features.
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING_DEBUG=1
Print the full resulting gcc command line to STDERR before calling gcc.
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING_STACKPROTECTOR=0
Disable stack overflow protection. See README.Debian for details.
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING_RELRO=0
Disable read-only linker sections. See README.Debian for details.
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING_FORTIFY=0
Don't fortify several standard functions. See README.Debian for details.
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING_PIE=0
Don't build position independent executables. See README.Debian for details.
DEB_BUILD_HARDENING_FORMAT=0
Disable unsafe format string usage errors. See README.Debian for details.
NOTES
System-wide settings can be added to /etc/hardening-wrapper.conf, one per line.
The real gcc symlinks are renamed gcc.real, and a diversion is registered with dpkg-divert(1). Thus hardened-cc's idea of the default gcc
is dictated by whatever package installed /usr/bin/gcc.
SEE ALSO
hardened-ld(1) gcc(1)
Debian Project 2008-01-08 HARDENED-CC(1)