BSD Sys 5???? Post: 5710

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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers BSD Sys 5???? Post 5710 by balu on Tuesday 21st of August 2001 03:23:30 AM

08-21-2001

Registered User

Unix is arguably the most important operating system today, and one which we shall frequently refer to below. It comes in many forms, developed by different manufacturers. Originally designed at AT&T, UNIX split into two camps early on: BSD (Berkeley software distribution) and system 5 (AT&T license). The BSD version was developed as a research project at the university of Berkeley, California. Many of the networking and user-friendly features originate from these modifications. With time these two versions have been merged back together and most systems are now a mixture of both worlds. Historically BSD Unix has been most prevalent in universities, while system 5 has been dominant in business environments. The trend during the last three years by Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard amongst others has been to move towards system 5, keeping only the most important features of the BSD system. A standardization committee for Unix called POSIX, formed by the major vendors, attempts to bring compatibility to the Unix world. Here are some common versions of UNIX.

Unix Manufacturer Mainly BSD / Sys 5
BSD Berkeley BSD
SunOS (solaris 1) Sun Microsystems BSD/sys 5
Solaris 2 Sun Microsystems Sys 5
Ultrix DEC/Compaq BSD
OSF 1/Digital Unix DEC/Compaq BSD/sys 5
HPUX Hewlett-Packard Sys 5
AIX IBM Sys 5 / BSD
IRIX Silicon Graphics Sys 5
GNU/Linux Public Domain Posix (Sys V/BSD)
SCO unix Novell Sys 5

Note that the original BSD source code is now in the public domain. Unix is generally regarded as the most portable and powerful operating system available today by impartial judges, but NT is improving quickly. Unix runs on everything from laptop computers to CRAY mainframes. It is particularly good at managing large database applications and can run on systems with hundreds of processors. Most Unix types support symmetric multithreaded processing and all support simultaneous logins by multiple users.
NT is a `new' operating system from Microsoft based on the old VAX/VMS kernel from the Digital Equipment Corporation (VMS's inventor moved to Microsoft) and the Windows32 API. Initially it reinvented many existing systems, but it is gradually being forced to adopt many open standards from the Unix world. It is fully multitasking, and can support multiple users (but only one at a time-- multiple logins by different users is not possible). It has virtual memory and multithreaded support for several processors. NT has a built in object model and security framework which is amongst the most modern in use.

The Be operating system, originally developed for a new multimedia computer called the BeBox, is also new and is a fully multitasking OS. It is optimized for multimedia and is now saleable software developed by Be.Com after the new computer concept failed due to lack of financial backing. BeOS has proper memory protection but allows direct access to video memory (required for fast video games). It also has virtual memory, is pre-emptive multitasking and is based on a microkernel design. Is shares little with Unix except for a Bash shell, a POSIX programming interface and about 150 Unix commands (including Perl).

hope it helps u :-)

balu

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sys::hostname::long5.18

Sys::Hostname::Long(3)					User Contributed Perl Documentation				    Sys::Hostname::Long(3)

NAME

       Sys::Hostname::Long - Try every conceivable way to get full hostname

SYNOPSIS

	   use Sys::Hostname::Long;
	   $host_long = hostname_long;

DESCRIPTION

       How to get the host full name in perl on multiple operating systems (mac, windows, unix* etc)

DISCUSSION

       This is the SECOND release of this code. It has an improved set of tests and improved interfaces - but it is still often failing to get a
       full host name.	This of course is the reason I wrote the module, it is difficult to get full host names accurately on each system. On some
       systems (eg: Linux) it is dependent on the order of the entries in /etc/hosts.

       To make it easier to test I have testall.pl to generate an output list of all methods. Thus even if the logic is incorrect, it may be
       possible to get the full name.

       Attempt via many methods to get the systems full name. The Sys::Hostname class is the best and standard way to get the system hostname.
       However it is missing the long hostname.

       Special thanks to David Sundstrom and Greg Bacon for the original Sys::Hostname

SUPPORT

       This is the original list of platforms tested.

	       MacOS	       Macintosh Classic	       OK
	       Win32	       MS Windows (95,98,nt,2000...)
			       98			       OK
	       MacOS X	       Macintosh 10		       OK
			       (other darwin)		       Probably OK (not tested)
	       Linux	       Linux UNIX OS		       OK
			       Sparc			       OK
	       HPUX	       H.P. Unix 10?		       Not Tested
	       Solaris	       SUN Solaris 7?		       OK (now)
	       Irix	       SGI Irix 5?		       Not Tested
	       FreeBSD	       FreeBSD			       OK

       A new list has now been compiled of all the operating systems so that I can individually keep informaiton on their success.

       THIS IS IN NEED OF AN UPDATE AFTER NEXT RELEASE.

       Acorn - Not yet tested
       AIX - Not yet tested
       Amiga - Not yet tested
       Atari - Not yet tested
       AtheOS - Not yet tested
       BeOS - Not yet tested
       BSD - Not yet tested
       BSD/OS - Not yet tested
       Compaq - Not yet tested
       Cygwin - Not yet tested
       Concurrent - Not yet tested
       DG/UX - Not yet tested
       Digital - Not yet tested
       DEC OSF/1 - Not yet tested
       Digital UNIX - Not yet tested
       DYNIX/ptx - Not yet tested
       EPOC - Not yet tested
       FreeBSD - Not yet tested
       Fujitsu-Siemens - Not yet tested
       Guardian - Not yet tested
       HP - Not yet tested
       HP-UX - Not yet tested
       IBM - Not yet tested
       IRIX - Not yet tested - 3rd hand information might be ok.
       Japanese - Not yet tested
       JPerl - Not yet tested
       Linux
	   Debian - Not yet tested
	   Gentoo - Not yet tested
	   Mandrake - Not yet tested
	   Red Hat- Not yet tested
	   Slackware - Not yet tested
	   SuSe - Not yet tested
	   Yellowdog - Not yet tested
       LynxOS - Not yet tested
       Mac OS - Not yet tested
       Mac OS X - OK 20040315 (v1.1)
       MachTen - Not yet tested
       Minix - Not yet tested
       MinGW - Not yet tested
       MiNT - Not yet tested
       MPE/iX - Not yet tested
       MS-DOS - Not yet tested
       MVS - Not yet tested
       NetBSD - Not yet tested
       NetWare - Not yet tested
       NEWS-OS - Not yet tested
       NextStep - Not yet tested
       Novell - Not yet tested
       NonStop - Not yet tested
       NonStop-UX - Not yet tested
       OpenBSD - Not yet tested
       ODT - Not yet tested
       OpenVMS - Not yet tested
       Open UNIX - Not yet tested
       OS/2 - Not yet tested
       OS/390 - Not yet tested
       OS/400 - Not yet tested
       OSF/1 - Not yet tested
       OSR - Not yet tested
       Plan 9 - Not yet tested
       Pocket PC - Not yet tested
       PowerMAX - Not yet tested
       Psion - Not yet tested
       QNX
	   4 - Not yet tested
	   6 (Neutrino) - Not yet tested
       Reliant UNIX - Not yet tested
       RISCOS - Not yet tested
       SCO - Not yet tested
       SGI - Not yet tested
       Symbian - Not yet tested
       Sequent - Not yet tested
       Siemens - Not yet tested
       SINIX - Not yet tested
       Solaris - Not yet tested
       SONY - Not yet tested
       Sun - Not yet tested
       Stratus - Not yet tested
       Tandem - Not yet tested
       Tru64 - Not yet tested
       Ultrix - Not yet tested
       UNIX - Not yet tested
       U/WIN - Not yet tested
       Unixware - Not yet tested
       VMS - Not yet tested
       VOS - Not yet tested
       Windows
	   CE - Not yet tested
	   3.1 - Not yet tested
	   95 - Not yet tested
	   98 - Not yet tested
	   Me - Not yet tested
	   NT - Not yet tested
	   2000 - Not yet tested
	   XP - Not yet tested
       z/OS - Not yet tested

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

   Unix
       Most unix systems have trouble working out the fully quallified domain name as it to be configured somewhere in the system correctly. For
       example in most linux systems (debian, ?) the fully qualified name should be the first entry next to the ip number in /etc/hosts

	       192.168.0.1     fred.somwhere.special   fred

       If it is the other way around, it will fail.

   Mac
TODO

       Contributions

	       David Dick
	       Graeme Hart
	       Piotr Klaban

	       * Extra code from G
	       * Dispatch table
	       * List of all operating systems.

       Solaris	    * Fall back 2 - TCP with DNS works ok      * Also can read /etc/defaultdomain file

SEE ALSO

	       L<Sys::Hostname>

AUTHOR

       Scott Penrose <scottp@dd.com.au>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 2001,2004,2005 Scott Penrose. All rights reserved.  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

perl v5.18.2							    2005-06-25						    Sys::Hostname::Long(3)