MAKE(1) 							LOCAL USER COMMANDS							   MAKE(1)

NAME

       make - GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs

SYNOPSIS

       make [ -f makefile ] [ options ] ... [ targets ] ...

WARNING

       This man page is an extract of the documentation of GNU make.  It is updated only occasionally, because the GNU project does not use nroff.
       For complete, current documentation, refer to the Info file make.info which is made from the Texinfo source file make.texi.

DESCRIPTION

       The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands
       to  recompile  them.  The manual describes the GNU implementation of make, which was written by Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath, and is
       currently maintained by Paul Smith.  Our examples show C programs, since they are most common, but you can use make  with  any  programming
       language  whose	compiler  can be run with a shell command.  In fact, make is not limited to programs.  You can use it to describe any task
       where some files must be updated automatically from others whenever the others change.

       To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the relationships among files in  your	program,  and  the
       states  the  commands  for updating each file.  In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object files, which are in turn
       made by compiling source files.

       Once a suitable makefile exists, each time you change some source files, this simple shell command:

	      make

       suffices to perform all necessary recompilations.  The make program uses the makefile data base and  the  last-modification  times  of  the
       files to decide which of the files need to be updated.  For each of those files, it issues the commands recorded in the data base.

       make  executes commands in the makefile to update one or more target names, where name is typically a program.  If no -f option is present,
       make will look for the makefiles GNUmakefile, makefile, and Makefile, in that order.

       Normally you should call your makefile either makefile or Makefile.  (We recommend Makefile because it appears prominently near the  begin-
       ning of a directory listing, right near other important files such as README.)  The first name checked, GNUmakefile, is not recommended for
       most makefiles.	You should use this name if you have a makefile that is specific to GNU make, and will not be understood by other versions
       of make.  If makefile is `-', the standard input is read.

       make updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files that have been modified since the target was last modified, or if the target does
       not exist.

OPTIONS

       -b, -m
	    These options are ignored for compatibility with other versions of make.

       -B, --always-make
	    Unconditionally make all targets.

       -C dir, --directory=dir
	    Change to directory dir before reading the makefiles or doing anything else.  If multiple -C options are  specified,  each	is  inter-
	    preted relative to the previous one: -C / -C etc is equivalent to -C /etc.	This is typically used with recursive invocations of make.

       -d   Print  debugging  information  in  addition to normal processing.  The debugging information says which files are being considered for
	    remaking, which file-times are being compared and with what results, which files actually need to be remade, which implicit rules  are
	    considered and which are applied---everything interesting about how make decides what to do.

       --debug[=FLAGS]
	    Print  debugging  information  in addition to normal processing.  If the FLAGS are omitted, then the behavior is the same as if -d was
	    specified.	FLAGS may be a for all debugging output (same as using -d), b for basic debugging, v for more verbose basic  debugging,  i
	    for showing implicit rules, j for details on invocation of commands, and m for debugging while remaking makefiles.

       -e, --environment-overrides
	    Give variables taken from the environment precedence over variables from makefiles.

       +-f file, --file=file, --makefile=FILE
	    Use file as a makefile.

       -i, --ignore-errors
	    Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake files.

       -I dir, --include-dir=dir
	    Specifies a directory dir to search for included makefiles.  If several -I options are used to specify several directories, the direc-
	    tories are searched in the order specified.  Unlike the arguments to other flags of make, directories given with  -I  flags  may  come
	    directly  after  the flag: -Idir is allowed, as well as -I dir.  This syntax is allowed for compatibility with the C preprocessor's -I
	    flag.

       -j [jobs], --jobs[=jobs]
	    Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.  If there is more than one -j option, the last one  is  effective.	If
	    the -j option is given without an argument, make will not limit the number of jobs that can run simultaneously.

       -k, --keep-going
	    Continue  as  much as possible after an error.  While the target that failed, and those that depend on it, cannot be remade, the other
	    dependencies of these targets can be processed all the same.

       -l [load], --load-average[=load]
	    Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if there are others jobs running and the load average  is  at  least  load	(a
	    floating-point number).  With no argument, removes a previous load limit.

       -L, --check-symlink-times
	    Use the latest mtime between symlinks and target.

       -n, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon
	    Print the commands that would be executed, but do not execute them.

       -o file, --old-file=file, --assume-old=file
	    Do	not  remake  the  file	file  even if it is older than its dependencies, and do not remake anything on account of changes in file.
	    Essentially the file is treated as very old and its rules are ignored.

       -p, --print-data-base
	    Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise  speci-
	    fied.   This  also prints the version information given by the -v switch (see below).  To print the data base without trying to remake
	    any files, use make -p -f/dev/null.

       -q, --question
	    ``Question mode''.	Do not run any commands, or print anything; just return an exit status that is zero if the specified  targets  are
	    already up to date, nonzero otherwise.

       -r, --no-builtin-rules
	    Eliminate use of the built-in implicit rules.  Also clear out the default list of suffixes for suffix rules.

       -R, --no-builtin-variables
	    Don't define any built-in variables.

       -s, --silent, --quiet
	    Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are executed.

       -S, --no-keep-going, --stop
	    Cancel the effect of the -k option.  This is never necessary except in a recursive make where -k might be inherited from the top-level
	    make via MAKEFLAGS or if you set -k in MAKEFLAGS in your environment.

       -t, --touch
	    Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing them) instead of running their commands.	This is used to pretend  that  the
	    commands were done, in order to fool future invocations of make.

       -v, --version
	    Print the version of the make program plus a copyright, a list of authors and a notice that there is no warranty.

       -w, --print-directory
	    Print  a message containing the working directory before and after other processing.  This may be useful for tracking down errors from
	    complicated nests of recursive make commands.

       --no-print-directory
	    Turn off -w, even if it was turned on implicitly.

       -W file, --what-if=file, --new-file=file, --assume-new=file
	    Pretend that the target file has just been modified.  When used with the -n flag, this shows you what would happen if you were to mod-
	    ify  that  file.   Without -n, it is almost the same as running a touch command on the given file before running make, except that the
	    modification time is changed only in the imagination of make.

       --warn-undefined-variables
	    Warn when an undefined variable is referenced.

EXIT STATUS

       GNU make exits with a status of zero if all makefiles were successfully parsed and no targets that were built failed.  A status of one will
       be  returned if the -q flag was used and make determines that a target needs to be rebuilt.  A status of two will be returned if any errors
       were encountered.

SEE ALSO

       The GNU Make Manual

BUGS

       See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in The GNU Make Manual.

AUTHOR

       This manual page contributed by Dennis Morse of Stanford University.  It has been reworked by Roland McGrath.  Further updates  contributed
       by Mike Frysinger.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  This file is part of GNU make.

       GNU  make  is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
       Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.

       GNU make is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of  MERCHANTABILITY
       or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You  should  have  received  a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GNU make; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
       Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

GNU
								  22 August 1989							   MAKE(1)