12-06-2000
me2unix does a great job of stating the main difference between C program and shell programs.
C is a compiled and executed language.
Shells are C programs written to interpret commands without compiling them.
The same holds true for PERL, PYTHON, PHP and other C programs that are compiled.
So, just look at SHELLs as C programs that have built-in functions and the ability to call other C programs. If you need a C program feature in a SHELL, you simply write a C program, compile it and execute it within the SHELL environment, as me2unix explains.
In fact, entire programs are often written via SHELLS as folks familiar with PHP, PERL, etc. Even the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a 'kind of SHELL' program if you think about it. The JVM is just a 'special class of shell'.
This was a good question by the thread starter and a good answer by m2unix.
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