06-12-2003
Re: NIX master in 30 days?
Quote:
Originally posted by TINO
HI there I would like to become a UNIX god in...oh lets say a month.
Basically im a windows expert (stop laughing) and I want one of them high paying IT jobs that always require knowledge of some flavour of UNIX.
...............
The last NIX that I tried was Redhat 7. I loved it!!!! But didn't have anything to do with it on my home PC so I stopped using it.
...............
Anyway I want to walk into an interview in lets say 4-5 weeks and know enough UNIX to get that £50,000 job and have a good idea what im doing.
If you are truly willing to put this much time an energy into learning something, why would you limit yourself to 30 days? Put that energy into learning UNIX and you WILL get a better paying job, just maybe not in the timeframe you specified. Nothing is free, reach for it, work for it, and you will have it.
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LEARN ABOUT MOJAVE
envelopes
envelopes(5) File Formats Manual envelopes(5)
NAME
envelopes - sender/recipient lists attached to messages
INTRODUCTION
Electronic mail messages are delivered in envelopes.
An envelope lists a sender and one or more recipients. Usually these envelope addresses are the same as the addresses listed in the mes-
sage header:
(envelope) from djb to root
From: djb
To: root
In more complicated situations, though, the envelope addresses may differ from the header addresses.
ENVELOPE EXAMPLES
When a message is delivered to several people at different locations, it is first photocopied and placed into several envelopes:
(envelope) from djb to root
From: djb Copy #1 of message
To: root, god@brl.mil
(envelope) from djb to god@brl.mil
From: djb Copy #2 of message
To: root, god@brl.mil
When a message is delivered to several people at the same location, the sender doesn't have to photocopy it. He can instead stuff it into
one envelope with several addresses; the recipients will make the photocopy:
(envelope) from djb to god@brl.mil, angel@brl.mil
From: djb
To: god@brl.mil, angel@brl.mil, joe, frde
Bounced mail is sent back to the envelope sender address. The bounced mail doesn't list an envelope sender, so bounce loops are impossi-
ble:
(envelope) from <> to djb
From: MAILER-DAEMON
To: djb
Subject: unknown user frde
The recipient of a message may make another copy and forward it in a new envelope:
(envelope) from djb to joe
From: djb Original message
To: joe
(envelope) from joe to fred
From: djb Forwarded message
To: joe
A mailing list works almost the same way:
(envelope) from djb to sos-list
From: djb Original message
To: sos-list
(envelope) from sos-owner to god@brl.mil
From: djb Forwarded message
To: sos-list to recipient #1
(envelope) from sos-owner to frde
From: djb Forwarded message
To: sos-list to recipient #2
Notice that the mailing list is set up to replace the envelope sender with something new, sos-owner. So bounces will come back to sos-
owner:
(envelope) from <> to sos-owner
From: MAILER-DAEMON
To: sos-owner
Subject: unknown user frde
It's a good idea to set up an extra address, sos-owner, like this: the original envelope sender (djb) has no way to fix bad sos-list
addresses, and of course bounces must not be sent to sos-list itself.
HOW ENVELOPE ADDRESSES ARE STORED
Envelope sender and envelope recipient addresses are transmitted and recorded in several ways.
When a user injects mail through qmail-inject, he can supply a Return-Path line or a -f option for the envelope sender; by default the
envelope sender is his login name. The envelope recipient addresses can be taken from the command line or from various header fields,
depending on the options to qmail-inject. Similar comments apply to sendmail.
When a message is transferred from one machine to another through SMTP, the envelope sender is given in a MAIL FROM command, the envelope
recipients are given in RCPT TO commands, and the message is supplied separately by a DATA command.
When a message is delivered by qmail to a single local recipient, qmail-local records the recipient in Delivered-To and the envelope sender
in Return-Path. It uses Delivered-To to detect mail forwarding loops.
sendmail normally records the envelope sender in Return-Path. It does not record envelope recipient addresses, on the theory that they are
redundant: you received the mail, so you must have been one of the envelope recipients.
Note that, if the header doesn't have any recipient addresses, sendmail will move envelope recipient addresses back into the header. This
situation occurs if all addresses were originally listed as Bcc, since Bcc is automatically removed. When sendmail sees this, it creates a
new Apparently-To header field with the envelope recipient addresses. This has the strange effect that each blind-carbon-copy recipient
will see a list of all recipients on the same machine.
When a message is stored in mbox format, the envelope sender is recorded at the top of the message as a UUCP-style From (no colon) line.
Note that this line is less reliable than the Return-Path line added by qmail-local or sendmail.
SEE ALSO
qmail-header(5), qmail-local(8), qmail-inject(8)
envelopes(5)