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Full Discussion: GNUTAR exclude directories
Top Forums UNIX for Advanced & Expert Users GNUTAR exclude directories Post 35560 by Perderabo on Thursday 17th of April 2003 11:44:19 AM
Old 04-17-2003
We seem to have several problems here....

xargs collects as many arguments as will fit on a line and then invokes the given program. A find command might find 1000's of files. So rather than, say, doing an "rm" 1000's of times, it better to use xargs. Then you may only use a few dozen rm commands, each one having a full argument list.

But this doesn't extend to "tar cvf /some/file". If you have too many arguments for one command line, you will get two command lines. The second "tar cvf /some/file" will overwrite the contents of the first. If you are not encountering this problem, you must not have very many files.

Next, when you ask tar to backup a directory, it will backup the contents of the directory as well.
So:
tar cvf /tmp/data.tar /appl/data /appl/data/somefile
is not going to backup one directory and one file. That "/appl/data" will cause tar to pick up the whole thing. The /appl/data/somefile will put a second copy of somefile in the archive. Your find command will output /appl/data as its first line. That already gets you everything.

And none of this has anything at all to do with exclude files which is where the thread started.

What you're supposed to do is to create a file and put the stuff in it that you want to exclude. So, for example, edit the file /tmp/ExcludeFile and put in the following two lines:
/appl/data/temp1
/appl/data/temp2
Then use the command:
tar cvfX /tmp/datadir.tar /tmp/ExcludeFile /appl/data
 

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LEARN ABOUT REDHAT

tar

TAR(1)							      General Commands Manual							    TAR(1)

NAME

       tar - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

SYNOPSIS

       tar  [  - ] A --catenate --concatenate | c --create | d --diff --compare | r --append | t --list | u --update | x -extract --get [ --atime-
       preserve ] [ -b, --block-size N ] [ -B, --read-full-blocks ] [ -C, --directory DIR ] [ --checkpoint    ] [  -f,	--file	[HOSTNAME:]F  ]  [
       --force-local	] [ -F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F ] [ -G, --incremental ] [ -g, --listed-incremental F ] [ -h, --dereference ]
       [ -i, --ignore-zeros ] [ -j, -I, --bzip ] [ --ignore-failed-read ] [ -k, --keep-old-files ] [ -K, --starting-file F ] [ -l, --one-file-sys-
       tem  ]  [  -L, --tape-length N ] [ -m, --modification-time ] [ -M, --multi-volume ] [ -N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE ] [ -o, --old-ar-
       chive, --portability ] [ -O, --to-stdout ] [ -p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions ] [ -P, --absolute-paths ] [ --preserve	 ]
       [  -R, --record-number ] [ --remove-files ] [ -s, --same-order, --preserve-order ] [ --same-owner ] [ -S, --sparse ] [ -T, --files-from=F ]
       [ --null     ] [ --totals   ] [ -v, --verbose ] [ -V, --label NAME ] [ --version  ] [ -w, --interactive, --confirmation ] [ -W, --verify
       ]  [  --exclude	FILE ] [ -X, --exclude-from FILE ] [ -Z, --compress, --uncompress ] [ -z, --gzip, --ungzip	] [ --use-compress-program
       PROG ] [ --block-compress ] [ -[0-7][lmh]     ]

       filename1 [ filename2, ... filenameN ]

       directory1 [ directory2, ...directoryN ]

DESCRIPTION

       This manual page documents the GNU version of tar , an archiving program designed to store and extract files from an archive file known	as
       a  tarfile.   A tarfile may be made on a tape drive, however, it is also common to write a tarfile to a normal file.  The first argument to
       tar must be one of the options: Acdrtux, followed by any optional functions.  The final arguments to tar are the  names	of  the  files	or
       directories  which  should  be archived. The use of a directory name always implies that the subdirectories below should be included in the
       archive.

FUNCTION LETTERS

       One of the following options must be used:

       -A, --catenate, --concatenate
	      append tar files to an archive

       -c, --create
	      create a new archive

       -d, --diff, --compare
	      find differences between archive and file system

       --delete
	      delete from the archive (not for use on mag tapes!)

       -r, --append
	      append files to the end of an archive

       -t, --list
	      list the contents of an archive

       -u, --update
	      only append files that are newer than copy in archive

       -x, --extract, --get
	      extract files from an archive

OTHER OPTIONS

       --atime-preserve
	      don't change access times on dumped files

       -b, --block-size N
	      block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20)

       -B, --read-full-blocks
	      reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes)

       -C, --directory DIR
	      change to directory DIR

       --checkpoint
	      print directory names while reading the archive

       -f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
	      use archive file or device F (default /dev/rmt0)

       --force-local
	      archive file is local even if has a colon

       -F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F
	      run script at end of each tape (implies -M)

       -G, --incremental
	      create/list/extract old GNU-format incremental backup

       -g, --listed-incremental F
	      create/list/extract new GNU-format incremental backup

       -h, --dereference
	      don't dump symlinks; dump the files they point to

       -i, --ignore-zeros
	      ignore blocks of zeros in archive (normally mean EOF)

       -j, -I, --bzip
	      filter the archive through bzip2. Note: -I is deprecated and may get a different meaning in the near future.

       --ignore-failed-read
	      don't exit with non-zero status on unreadable files

       -k, --keep-old-files
	      keep existing files; don't overwrite them from archive

       -K, --starting-file F
	      begin at file F in the archive

       -l, --one-file-system
	      stay in local file system when creating an archive

       -L, --tape-length N
	      change tapes after writing N*1024 bytes

       -m, --modification-time
	      don't extract file modified time

       -M, --multi-volume
	      create/list/extract multi-volume archive

       -N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE
	      only store files newer than DATE

       -o, --old-archive, --portability
	      write a V7 format archive, rather than ANSI format

       -O, --to-stdout
	      extract files to standard output

       -p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions
	      extract all protection information

       -P, --absolute-paths
	      don't strip leading `/'s from file names

       --preserve
	      like -p -s

       -R, --record-number
	      show record number within archive with each message

       --remove-files
	      remove files after adding them to the archive

       -s, --same-order, --preserve-order
	      list of names to extract is sorted to match archive

       --same-owner
	      create extracted files with the same ownership

       -S, --sparse
	      handle sparse files efficiently

       -T, --files-from=F
	      get names to extract or create from file F

       --null
	      -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C

       --totals
	      print total bytes written with --create

       -v, --verbose
	      verbosely list files processed

       -V, --label NAME
	      create archive with volume name NAME

       --version
	      print tar program version number

       -w, --interactive, --confirmation
	      ask for confirmation for every action

       -W, --verify
	      attempt to verify the archive after writing it

       --exclude FILE
	      exclude file FILE

       -X, --exclude-from FILE
	      exclude files listed in FILE

       -Z, --compress, --uncompress
	      filter the archive through compress

       -z, --gzip, --ungzip
	      filter the archive through gzip

       --use-compress-program PROG
	      filter the archive through PROG (which must accept -d)

								  30 October 2000							    TAR(1)
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