03-20-2020
VPN stands for virtual private network. The virtual means that this privacy is accomplished allthough it is by nature not private at all when you communicate over a public network - the internet. The data flows through all kinds of networks. All of them being owned and operated by someone else than you or your company, so from a privacy point of view: Those networks can not be trusted. So the virtual privacy is being achieved by strong encryption. This creates the methaphor that is a private network because only allowed people are connected or configured to enter the encrypted space.
There are lots of software packages and some different protocols that are used to operate VPNs.
The count of software packages are plenty. The protocols are relatively few, like:
- IPSec
- OpenVPN
- wiregard
- Closed source vendor specific implementations, created completely on their own or based on one of the above
The different properties of a vpn solution are:
- Manageability(Tools to manage Access and Accounts and Distribution)
- Compatibility with protocols(as shown above)
- Closed Source/Open Source
- Commercial products usally introduce their own hardware product series to be used with the VPN software
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Problem after problem.
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Hi,
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
git-shortlog
GIT-SHORTLOG(1) Git Manual GIT-SHORTLOG(1)
NAME
git-shortlog - Summarize 'git log' output
SYNOPSIS
git log --pretty=short | git shortlog [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
git shortlog [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] <commit>...
DESCRIPTION
Summarizes git log output in a format suitable for inclusion in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and the first
line of the commit message will be shown.
Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description.
If no revisions are passed on the command line and either standard input is not a terminal or there is no current branch, git shortlog will
output a summary of the log read from standard input, without reference to the current repository.
OPTIONS
-h, --help
Print a short usage message and exit.
-n, --numbered
Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead of author alphabetic order.
-s, --summary
Suppress commit description and provide a commit count summary only.
-e, --email
Show the email address of each author.
--format[=<format>]
Instead of the commit subject, use some other information to describe each commit. <format> can be any string accepted by the --format
option of git log, such as * [%h] %s. (See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section of git-log(1).)
Each pretty-printed commit will be rewrapped before it is shown.
-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]
Linewrap the output by wrapping each line at width. The first line of each entry is indented by indent1 spaces, and the second and
subsequent lines are indented by indent2 spaces. width, indent1, and indent2 default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
MAPPING AUTHORS
The .mailmap feature is used to coalesce together commits by the same person in the shortlog, where their name and/or email address was
spelled differently.
If the file .mailmap exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to canonical real names and email addresses.
In the simple form, each line in the file consists of the canonical real name of an author, whitespace, and an email address used in the
commit (enclosed by < and >) to map to the name. For example:
Proper Name <commit@email.xx>
The more complex forms are:
<proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx>
which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and:
Proper Name <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx>
which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a commit matching the specified commit email address, and:
Proper Name <proper@email.xx> Commit Name <commit@email.xx>
which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a commit matching both the specified commit name and email address.
Example 1: Your history contains commits by two authors, Jane and Joe, whose names appear in the repository under several forms:
Joe Developer <joe@example.com>
Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
Jane Doe <jane@example.com>
Jane Doe <jane@laptop.(none)>
Jane D. <jane@desktop.(none)>
Now suppose that Joe wants his middle name initial used, and Jane prefers her family name fully spelled out. A proper .mailmap file would
look like:
Jane Doe <jane@desktop.(none)>
Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop[1].(none)>, because the real name of that author is already correct.
Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following authors:
nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
nick2 <bugs@company.xx>
nick2 <nick2@company.xx>
santa <me@company.xx>
claus <me@company.xx>
CTO <cto@coompany.xx>
Then you might want a .mailmap file that looks like:
<cto@company.xx> <cto@coompany.xx>
Some Dude <some@dude.xx> nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
Other Author <other@author.xx> nick2 <bugs@company.xx>
Other Author <other@author.xx> <nick2@company.xx>
Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> <me@company.xx>
Use hash # for comments that are either on their own line, or after the email address.
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite
NOTES
1. jane@laptop
mailto:jane@laptop
Git 1.7.10.4 11/24/2012 GIT-SHORTLOG(1)