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Top Forums UNIX for Beginners Questions & Answers Controlling terminal of a display server Post 303044468 by yavuzileri on Saturday 22nd of February 2020 10:45:05 AM
Old 02-22-2020
Controlling terminal of a display server

When I login on a Fedora 31 workstation and run the ps command, I see the below output;

for an X session:

Code:
 PID TT   CMD
...
   1 ?    /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 29
...
 820 ?      /usr/sbin/gdm
1305 ?        gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]
1346 tty2       /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session --run-script /usr/bin/gnome-session
1348 tty2         /usr/libexec/Xorg vt2 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -background none -noreset -keeptty -verbose 3
1444 tty2         /usr/libexec/gnome-session-binary
1465 ?              /usr/bin/ssh-agent /bin/sh -c exec -l /bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/gnome-session"
...
1316 ?      /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
1322 ?        (sd-pam)
...
1531 ?        /usr/bin/gnome-shell
...

for a Wayland session:

Code:
 PID TT   CMD
...
   1 ?    /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 29
...
 825 ?      /usr/sbin/gdm
1309 ?        gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password]
1351 tty2       /usr/libexec/gdm-wayland-session /usr/bin/gnome-session
1356 tty2         /usr/libexec/gnome-session-binary
...
1321 ?      /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
1327 ?        (sd-pam)
...
1492 ?        /usr/bin/gnome-shell
...

As I understand, graphical logins via a display manager like gdm executes an X/Wayland session directly after authenticating a user, instead of executing a login shell. I see that both X and Wayland sessions are started on a virtual terminal (tty2), and what the Xorg(1) says about the vt option is: 'This option applies only to platforms that have virtual terminal support, such as Linux, BSD, OpenSolaris, SVR3, and SVR4.' Is starting X/Wayland sessions with a controlling tty done merely to provide the ability to switch to other virtual terminals while running a graphical shell in one, or is it a constraint of X/Wayland? Is it possible to start an X/Wayland session without a controlling tty on Linux, and is this up to gdm, X/Wayland, or systemd? And what would be an example of a system that runs Xorg and doesn't have virtual terminals at all unlike the systems listed in Xorg(1)?
 

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GNOME-SESSION(1)					      General Commands Manual						  GNOME-SESSION(1)

NAME
gnome-session - Starts up the GNOME desktop environment SYNOPSIS
gnome-session [--autostart=DIR] [--default-session-key=KEY] [--failsafe|-f] [--debug] DESCRIPTION
The gnome-session program starts up the GNOME desktop environment. This command is typically executed by your login manager (either gdm, xdm, or from your X startup scripts). It will load either your saved session, or it will provide a default session for the user as defined by the system administrator (or the default GNOME installation on your system). The default session is defined in the GConf keys under /desktop/gnome/session. When saving a session, gnome-session saves the currently running applications in the $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gnome-session/saved-session directory. gnome-session is an X11R6 session manager. It can manage GNOME applications as well as any X11R6 SM compliant. OPTIONS
The following options are supported: --autostart=DIR Start all applications defined in DIR, instead of starting the applications defined in /desktop/gnome/session/default_session, or via the --default-session-key option. Multiple --autostart options can be passed. --default-session-key=KEY Sets the GConf key from which applications running a default session should be read to KEY. If not specificed, /desktop/gnome/ses- sion/default_session will be used. --failsafe gnome-session will run in fail-safe mode. User-specified applications will not be started. --debug Enable debugging code. ENVIRONMENT
gnome-session accepts all of the standard environment variables used by gnome programs, other than the SESSION_MANAGER environment vari- able. gnome-session also sets several environment variables for the use of its child processes. SESSION_MANAGER This variable is used by session-manager aware clients to contact gnome-session. DISPLAY This variable is set to the X display being used by gnome-session. Note that if the --display option is used this might be different from the setting of the environment variable when gnome-session is invoked. SEE ALSO
gnome-session-properties(1) gnome-session-save(1) gnome-wm(1) BUGS
If you find bugs in the gnome-session program, please report these on http://bugzilla.gnome.org. GNOME GNOME-SESSION(1)
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