How to make use others' C library installed not for the system-wide (Ubuntu/Linux)? Post: 303043110

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Top Forums Programming How to make use others' C library installed not for the system-wide (Ubuntu/Linux)? Post 303043110 by GRMartin on Saturday 18th of January 2020 10:02:22 AM

01-18-2020

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Quote:

Originally Posted by yifangt

It seems to me that they are different names for the same thing, but I might be wrong.
3) My point is what the right way(s)---may not be the best way--- is to use them.
Can I ask in another way:
What is the best practice to use others library (static *.a and shared *.so) not installed system-wide in C programming? I may need to start a new thread before the topic is veered too far off.

Thank you so much for your time!

No, they are not at all the same thing. An archive is just that. A collection of object files that can be statically linked to your executable. Shared objects are dynamically linked at runtime. They are compiled with a flag that tells the compiler to generate position independent code. Here's what gcc docs have to say:

Code:

-fpic   Generate position-independent code (PIC) suitable for use in a shared library, if supported for the target machine.  Such code accesses all constant addresses through a global offset table (GOT).  The dynamic loader resolves the GOT entries when the program starts (the dynamic loader is not part of GCC; it is part of the operating system).  If the GOT size for the linked executable exceeds a machine-specific maximum size, you get an error message from the linker indicating that -fpic does not work; in that case, recompile with -fPIC instead.  (These maximums are 8k on the SPARC, 28k on AArch64 and 32k on the m68k and RS/6000.  The x86 has no such limit.)

Since archives are statically linked to your your code, it is no longer dependent on the object. With shared objects you remain dependent on the library.

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LEARN ABOUT X11R4

xft-config

xft-config(1)						      General Commands Manual						     xft-config(1)

NAME

       xft-config - report Xft version, compiler, linker, and/or installation directory information

SYNOPSIS

       xft-config { --exec-prefix[=local_prefix] | --prefix[=local_prefix] | --cflags | --libs } ...

       xft-config --version

DESCRIPTION

       xft-config  reports information of interest to users and developers about the installed version of the X FreeType library, Xft(3).  Depend-
       ing on how it is invoked, xft-config reports the installed version of Xft, the compiler and linker flags that are required to  successfully
       compile	and  link  C  (or C-compatible) code that uses the library, and/or the directories used by the GNU Autotools to install its files.
       Note that if the system's installed version of Xft came from an OS vendor or other third party, the actual location of its files may differ
       from those reported by xft-config.  The system adminstrator can also relocate Xft's files.

       If invoked without any arguments, xft-config will print a usage message on standard error and exit.

OPTIONS

       --cflags
	      Report the compiler flags that are required to compile code that uses Xft symbols.

       --exec-prefix[=local_prefix]
	      If  specified  without the parameter local_prefix, report the file specification prefix that Xft uses for installation of executable
	      files.  If local_prefix is specified, it is used instead of the file specification prefix used for installation of executable  files
	      by  Xft  and  the  value	of  the  option argument specified with --prefix, if any, when compile and linker flags are reported (with
	      --cflags and --libs, respectively).

       --libs Report the linker flags that are required to link code that uses Xft symbols.

       --prefix[=local_prefix]
	      If specified without the parameter local_prefix, report the file specification prefix that Xft uses for installation of  files.	If
	      local_prefix  is	specified,  it is used instead of the file specification prefix used for installation of files by Xft when compile
	      and linker flags are reported (with --cflags and --libs, respectively); also see --exec-prefix.

       --version
	      Report the version of the Xft library installed on the system and exit.

OPERANDS

       xft-config does not recognize any non-option arguments.	At least one option must be specified.

EXIT STATUS

       0      Information was successfully reported.

       1      xft-config was invoked with invalid arguments, or no arguments at all.

AUTHOR

       xft-config was written by Keith Packard.  This manual page was written by Branden Robinson.

SEE ALSO

       Xft(3)

Xft								  Version 2.1.13						     xft-config(1)