It seems to me that they are different names for the same thing, but I might be wrong.
3) My point is what the right way(s)---may not be the best way--- is to use them.
Can I ask in another way:
What is the best practice to use others library (static*.a and shared*.so) not installed system-wide in C programming? I may need to start a new thread before the topic is veered too far off.
Thank you so much for your time!
No, they are not at all the same thing. An archive is just that. A collection of object files that can be statically linked to your executable. Shared objects are dynamically linked at runtime. They are compiled with a flag that tells the compiler to generate position independent code. Here's what gcc docs have to say:
Code:
-fpic Generate position-independent code (PIC) suitable for use in a shared library, if supported for the target machine. Such code accesses all constant addresses through a global offset table (GOT). The dynamic loader resolves the GOT entries when the program starts (the dynamic loader is not part of GCC; it is part of the operating system). If the GOT size for the linked executable exceeds a machine-specific maximum size, you get an error message from the linker indicating that -fpic does not work; in that case, recompile with -fPIC instead. (These maximums are 8k on the SPARC, 28k on AArch64 and 32k on the m68k and RS/6000. The x86 has no such limit.)
Since archives are statically linked to your your code, it is no longer dependent on the object. With shared objects you remain dependent on the library.
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Discussion started by: wbport
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
import-bug-from-debian
import-bug-from-debian(1) General Commands Manual import-bug-from-debian(1)NAME
import-bug-from-debian - Import bugs from Debian's BTS, and file them against Ubuntu in LP.
SYNOPSIS
import-bug-from-debian [options] bug...
import-bug-from-debian -h
DESCRIPTION
import-bug-from-debian clones bugs from Debian's BTS into Launchpad. Each bug listed on the command line has its initial report re-filed
against the same source package in Ubuntu. The Ubuntu bug is linked back to its Debian counterpart.
Each bug may be provided either as a bug number or URL.
OPTIONS -b, --browserless
Don't open the bug in a browser at the end.
-h, --help
Display a help message and exit.
-l INSTANCE, --lpinstance=INSTANCE
Use the specified instance of Launchpad (e.g. "staging"), instead of the default of "production".
-p PACKAGE, --package=PACKAGE
Launchpad package to file bug against, if not the same source package name as Debian. Useful for importing removal bugs filed
against ftp.debian.org.
--no-conf
Do not read any configuration files, or configuration from environment variables.
ENVIRONMENT
All of the CONFIGURATION VARIABLES below are also supported as environment variables. Variables in the environment take precedence to
those in configuration files.
CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
The following variables can be set in the environment or in ubuntu-dev-tools(5) configuration files. In each case, the script-specific
variable takes precedence over the package-wide variable.
IMPORT_BUG_FROM_DEBIAN_LPINSTANCE, UBUNTUTOOLS_LPINSTANCE
The default value for --lpinstance.
SEE ALSO ubuntu-dev-tools(5)AUTHORS
import-bug-from-debian was written by James Westby <james.westby@ubuntu.com>, and this manual page was written by Stefano Rivera <ste-
fanor@ubuntu.com>.
Both are released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
ubuntu-dev-tools September 21 2010 import-bug-from-debian(1)