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Full Discussion: Negative decimal to binary
Top Forums UNIX for Beginners Questions & Answers Negative decimal to binary Post 303041435 by wisecracker on Saturday 23rd of November 2019 06:01:23 PM
Old 11-23-2019
You could use XOR but here is a solution that is fully POSIX complaint:
Code:
#!/usr/local/bin/dash
# decimal2binary.sh <integer_-128_to_127>
#
# USAGE: [/full/path/to/][./]decimal2binary.sh <integer_from_-128_to 127>

NUMBER=${1}
STRING=""
PREFIX=0

# Account for -127 to -1.
if [ ${NUMBER} -ge -127 ] && [ ${NUMBER} -le -1 ]
then
    NUMBER=$(( NUMBER + 256 ))
    PREFIX=1
fi

# Account for -128.
if [ ${NUMBER} -eq -128 ]
then
    STRING=10000000
    echo "${STRING}"
    exit
fi

# Now do calculations for positive values only.
for COUNT in 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
do
    M=$(( NUMBER / 2 ))
    N=$(( NUMBER % 2 ))
    NUMBER=${M}
    STRING=$( printf "%d" "${N}" )${STRING}
done

# Print it, no need to reverse the string...
echo "${PREFIX}${STRING}"

Results, OSX 10.14.6, default bash terminal calling dash, POSIX compliant.
Code:
Last login: Sat Nov 23 22:28:58 on ttys000
AMIGA:amiga~> cd Desktop/Code/Shell
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 0
00000000
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh -128
10000000
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh -127
10000001
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh -1
11111111
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 1
00000001
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 126
01111110
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 127
01111111
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> _

 

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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN

fullquottel

FULLQUOTTEL(1)							   User Commands						    FULLQUOTTEL(1)

NAME

       fullquottel - tool for detecting full quotes in mails or postings

SYNOPSIS

       fullquottel [OPTION...] < infile > outfile

DESCRIPTION

       fullquottel - tool for detecting full quotes in mails or postings

       -t, --scorethreshold=NUMBER
	      Threshold for final score that discriminates between Goodquottel and Fullquottel (default: 1.5)

       --quotechars=CHARS
	      Chars used for quoting (default: >|#)

       -d, --debug
	      Debug option (prints single test results; default: off)

       --ownsigtest=1|0
	      Turn on/off ownSigTest (default: on)

       --ownsigtestscore=NUMBER
	      Score for ownSigTest (default: 1.0)

       -f, --ownsigtestfile=SIGFILE
	      Signature file to test against (default: ~/.signature)

       --mstest=1|0
	      Turn on/off msTest (Microsoft attribution lines; default: on)

       --mstestscore=NUMBER
	      Score for msTest (default: 1.0)

       --mstestthreshold=NUMBER
	      Threshold for msTest (at or below which line a Microsoft attribution line ist found; default: 2)

       --quotedtoalltest=1|0
	      Turn on/off quotedToAllTest (ratio quoted lines to all; default: on)

       --quotedtoalltestscore=NUMBER
	      Score for quotedToAllTest (default: 1.0)

       --quotedtoalltestfactor=NUMBER
	      Result = score + ratio * FACTOR (default: 0)

       --quotedtoalltestthreshold=NUMBER
	      Ratio threshold for activating quotedToAllTest (default: 0.5)

       --bottomquotedtoalltest=1|0
	      Turn on/off bottomQuotedToAllTest (ratio quoted lines at bottom to all; default: on)

       --bottomquotedtoalltestscore=NUMBER
	      Score for bottomQuotedToAllTest (default: 1.0)

       --bottomquotedtoalltestfactor=NUMBER
	      Result = score + ratio * FACTOR (default: 0)

       --bottomquotedtoalltestthreshold=NUMBER
	      Ratio threshold for activating bottomQuotedToAllTest (default: 0.5)

       --bottomquotedtoquotedtest=1|0
	      Turn on/off bottomQuotedToQuotedTest (ratio quoted lines at bottom to all quoted lines; default: on)

       --bottomquotedtoquotedtestscore=NUMBER
	      Score for bottomQuotedToQuotedTest (default: 1.0)

       --bottomquotedtoquotedtestfactor=NUMBER
	      Result = score + ratio * FACTOR (default: 0)

       --bottomquotedtoquotedtestthreshold=NUMBER
	      Ratio threshold for activating bottomQuotedToQuotedTest (default: 0.5)

       --singlebottomquotetest=1|0
	      Turn on/off singleBottomQuoteTest (only one quote block, and at the bottom; default: on)

       --singlebottomquotetestscore=NUMBER
	      Score for singleBottomQuoteTest (default: 1.0)

       HINT: All long options (without leading --) can be used in ~/.fullquottelrc

       -?, --help
	      Give this help list

       --usage
	      Give a short usage message

       -V, --version
	      Print program version

       Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs to <toast@toastfreeware.priv.at>.

SEE ALSO

       The full documentation for fullquottel is maintained in HTML created by doxygen and can be found in

	      /usr/share/doc/fullquottel/html/

fullquottel 0.1.2						    April 2007							    FULLQUOTTEL(1)
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