07-30-2019
Here we go again analysing FASTA-files. I wonder if we are going to be mentioned in the dozens of biological research papers we have helped to create over time.
Quote:
Create a single bash script that does the following:
Sorry, but this is not the way that works.
First: you come across like a teacher posing the homework for us. Actually we are all professionals here and have done our homework meticulously which is why we don't have to do more homework any more. In case it was homework given to
you by
your teacher: there is a special forum for this with special rules in place. Please re-create the thread there and provide the necessary information.
Second, in case this is not homework but actually your work: we do not insist on a lot of social conventions here (after all, we are sysadmins - being somewhat autistic is part of the requirement for this job), but still a well-placed "please" here and there, along with some of the common niceties called "good manners" oils the social machinery. If you ever wonder who writes the answers to your questions: it is not some clever machine and a fat server - it is actually living, breathing persons.
Third and foremost: we are here to help you help yourself. If you want a shell-script - WRITE IT! Attempts, however failing, will count. If you tried and it didn't work, post what you did and the error you got trying to run it. We will, regardless of how long it will take, explain to you what was wrong and how to do it better (actually quite like the way i explain to you right now why you need to change your problem statement) until you understand. We will also point out ways to better solve the problem, different tools, suggest sources to find valuable information and so on and so on. But we will NOT write your code for you. We are a help forum, not your unpaid programming staff.
I hope this helps.
bakunin
These 2 Users Gave Thanks to bakunin For This Post:
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
mrtg-faq
MRTG-FAQ(1) mrtg MRTG-FAQ(1)
NAME
mrtg-faq - How to get help if you have problems with MRTG
SYNOPSIS
MRTG seems to raise a lot of questions. There are a number of resources apart from the documentation where you can find help for mrtg.
FAQ
In the following sections you'll find some additonal Frequently Asked Questions, with Answers.
Why is there no "@#$%" (my native language) version of MRTG?
Nobody has contributed a @#$%.pmd file yet. Go into the mrtg-2.17.4/translate directory and create your own translation file. When you are
happy with it send it to me for inclusion with the next mrtg release.
I need a script to make mrtg work with my xyz device.
Probably this has already been done. Check the stuff in the mrtg-2.17.4/contrib directory. There is a file called 00INDEX in that directory
which tells what you can find in there.
How does this SNMP thing work
There are many resources on the net that explain SNMP. Take a look at this article from the Linux Journal by David Guerrero
http://www.david-guerrero.com/papers/snmp/
And at this rather long document from CISCO.
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/snmp.htm
The images created by MRTG look very strange.
Remove the *-{week,day,month,year}.png files and start MRTG again. Using MRTG for the first time, you might have to do this twice. This
will also help when you introduce new routers into the cfg file.
What is my Community Name?
Ask the person in charge of your Router or try 'public', as this is the default Community Name.
My graphs show a flat line during an outage. Why ?
Well, the short answer is that when an SNMP query goes out and a response doesn't come back, MRTG has to assume something to put in the
graph, and by default it assumes that the last answer we got back is probably closer to the truth than zero. This assumption is not
perfect (as you have noticed). It's a trade-off that happens to fail during a total outage.
If this is an unacceptable trade-off, use the unknaszero option.
You may want to know what you're trading off, so in the spirit of trade-offs, here's the long answer:
The problem is that MRTG doesn't know *why* the data didn't come back, all it knows is that it didn't come back. It has to do something,
and it assumes it's a stray lost packet rather than an outage.
Why don't we always assume the circuit is down and use zero, which will (we think) be more nearly right? Well, it turns out that you may
be taking advantage of MRTG's "assume last" behaviour without being aware of it.
MRTG uses SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) to collect data, and SNMP uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) to ship packets around.
UDP is connectionless (not guaranteed) unlike TCP where packets are tracked and acknowledged and, if needed, retransmitted. UDP just
throws packets at the network and hopes they arrive. Sometimes they don't.
One likely cause of lost SNMP data is congestion; another is busy routers. Other possibilities include transient telecommunications
problems, router buffer overflows (which may or may not be congestion-related), "dirty lines" (links with high error rates), and acts of
God. These things happen all the time; we just don't notice because many interactive services are TCP-based and the lost packets get
retransmitted automatically.
In the above cases where some SNMP packets are lost but traffic is flowing, assuming zero is the wrong thing to do - you end up with a
graph that looks like it's missing teeth whenever the link fills up. MRTG interpolates the lost data to produce a smoother graph which is
more accurate in cases of intermittent packet loss. But with V2.8.4 and above, you can use the "unknaszero" option to produce whichever
graph is best under the conditions typical for your network.
AUTHOR
Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch>
2.17.4 2012-01-12 MRTG-FAQ(1)