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Full Discussion: Why is ./ sometimes needed?
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Why is ./ sometimes needed? Post 303029677 by wisecracker on Wednesday 30th of January 2019 02:55:09 PM
Old 01-30-2019
Hopefully this does NOT attach to MY previous post.
A rewrite of the code to have an optional user path.
Usage: cleanup2 [/optional/full/path/to]
Code:
#!/bin/sh
# Usage: cleanup2 [/optional/full/path/to]
# POSIX compliant.
# Due to '/var/log/' this HAS to be run from root.
# No need to detect root as the error generated is enough.

# Attempt to obtain the user path argument.
LOG_DIR="$1"

# Fall back to the default if user path is NOT supplied.
if [ "${LOG_DIR}" = "" ]
then
    LOG_DIR="/var/log"
fi

# *****************************
# Not required but commented out so you can try both meathods.
# cd "${LOG_DIR}"
# Clear require files. ":" is a NULL, NOP or true command.
# : > messages
# : > wtmp
# These eight lines can be deleted.
# *****************************

# Create empty files in the required path.
: > "${LOG_DIR}"/messages
: > "${LOG_DIR}"/wtmp

# Print success and exit script.
echo "Success! Logs cleaned up."
exit

Results:
OSX 10.14.1, default bash terminal, code calling 'sh'.
Code:
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> chmod 700 cleanup2
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ls -l /tmp/
total 0
drwx------  4 root   wheel  128 16 Nov 12:34 PKInstallSandbox.MMTz8b
drwx------  3 amiga  wheel   96 30 Jan 18:07 com.apple.launchd.CPHRzeQ4Vr
drwx------  3 amiga  wheel   96 30 Jan 18:07 com.apple.launchd.qgu8OpjEvP
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   wheel   64 30 Jan 18:00 powerlog
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./cleanup2 /tmp
Success! Logs cleaned up.
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> echo $?
0
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ls -l /tmp/
total 0
drwx------  4 root   wheel  128 16 Nov 12:34 PKInstallSandbox.MMTz8b
drwx------  3 amiga  wheel   96 30 Jan 18:07 com.apple.launchd.CPHRzeQ4Vr
drwx------  3 amiga  wheel   96 30 Jan 18:07 com.apple.launchd.qgu8OpjEvP
-rw-r--r--  1 amiga  wheel    0 30 Jan 19:44 messages
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   wheel   64 30 Jan 18:00 powerlog
-rw-r--r--  1 amiga  wheel    0 30 Jan 19:44 wtmp
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./cleanup2
./cleanup2: line 25: /var/log/messages: Permission denied
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> echo $?
1
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> _

This User Gave Thanks to wisecracker For This Post:
Xubuntu56
 

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LEARN ABOUT LINUX

pam_wheel

PAM_WHEEL(8)							 Linux-PAM Manual						      PAM_WHEEL(8)

NAME

       pam_wheel - Only permit root access to members of group wheel

SYNOPSIS

       pam_wheel.so [debug] [deny] [group=name] [root_only] [trust]

DESCRIPTION

       The pam_wheel PAM module is used to enforce the so-called wheel group. By default it permits root access to the system if the applicant
       user is a member of the wheel group. If no group with this name exist, the module is using the group with the group-ID 0.

OPTIONS

       debug
	   Print debug information.

       deny
	   Reverse the sense of the auth operation: if the user is trying to get UID 0 access and is a member of the wheel group (or the group of
	   the group option), deny access. Conversely, if the user is not in the group, return PAM_IGNORE (unless trust was also specified, in
	   which case we return PAM_SUCCESS).

       group=name
	   Instead of checking the wheel or GID 0 groups, use the name group to perform the authentication.

       root_only
	   The check for wheel membership is done only.

       trust
	   The pam_wheel module will return PAM_SUCCESS instead of PAM_IGNORE if the user is a member of the wheel group (thus with a little play
	   stacking the modules the wheel members may be able to su to root without being prompted for a passwd).

MODULE TYPES PROVIDED

       The auth and account module types are provided.

RETURN VALUES

       PAM_AUTH_ERR
	   Authentication failure.

       PAM_BUF_ERR
	   Memory buffer error.

       PAM_IGNORE
	   The return value should be ignored by PAM dispatch.

       PAM_PERM_DENY
	   Permission denied.

       PAM_SERVICE_ERR
	   Cannot determine the user name.

       PAM_SUCCESS
	   Success.

       PAM_USER_UNKNOWN
	   User not known.

EXAMPLES

       The root account gains access by default (rootok), only wheel members can become root (wheel) but Unix authenticate non-root applicants.

	   su	   auth     sufficient	   pam_rootok.so
	   su	   auth     required	   pam_wheel.so
	   su	   auth     required	   pam_unix.so

SEE ALSO

       pam.conf(5), pam.d(5), pam(7)

AUTHOR

       pam_wheel was written by Cristian Gafton <gafton@redhat.com>.

Linux-PAM Manual						    05/31/2011							      PAM_WHEEL(8)
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