11-10-2018
Quote:
Originally Posted by
Don Cragun
may be classified as "intron",
may be classified as "exon"
may be classified as "splicing"
It certainly helps if one understands what this is all about and since it happens i have a biological researcher at home who explained it to me, here it is (errors/omissions are due to my limited understanding - i was told this is already the kindergarten version of what is really going on):
"exon", short for "expressed region", is a unit of a gene which codes something like a protein. Think of a "gene" as a text of describing something, then the "exon" would be one complete sentence of this text. When DNA is read (so that what it codes is actually produced) it is copied to "RNA"-pieces. This process is called RNA-splicing*) and these pieces contain always several whole such exons.
"intron", short for "intragenetic region" is (more or less meaningless) parts of the DNA between the exons. Think of it as some sort of punctuation and whitespace in the text. It is removed during RNA-splicing so that only the exons make it there.
*) RNA-splicing: the process of producing RNA from DNA works in several steps. First a complete DNA-piece is copied, including the introns. Then the real RNA is made from that ommitting the introns and only leaving the exons. This, in fact, is the "splicing".
In the human genome about 1% is exons (so this in fact makes up for the whole genetic information), about 25% is introns. The rest is intergenetic (that is: between genes and hence completely meaningless).
Thanks to my wife.
bakunin
Last edited by bakunin; 11-10-2018 at 05:05 AM..
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JOIN(1) General Commands Manual JOIN(1)
NAME
join - relational database operator
SYNOPSIS
join [-an] [-e s] [-o list] [-tc] file1 file2
DESCRIPTION
Join forms, on the standard output, a join of the two relations specified by the lines of file1 and file2. If file1 is `-', the standard
input is used.
File1 and file2 must be sorted in increasing ASCII collating sequence on the fields on which they are to be joined, normally the first in
each line.
There is one line in the output for each pair of lines in file1 and file2 that have identical join fields. The output line normally con-
sists of the common field, then the rest of the line from file1, then the rest of the line from file2.
Fields are normally separated by blank, tab or newline. In this case, multiple separators count as one, and leading separators are dis-
carded.
These options are recognized:
-an In addition to the normal output, produce a line for each unpairable line in file n, where n is 1 or 2.
-e s Replace empty output fields by string s.
-o list
Each output line comprises the fields specified in list, each element of which has the form n.m, where n is a file number and m is a
field number.
-tc Use character c as a separator (tab character). Every appearance of c in a line is significant.
SEE ALSO
sort(1), comm(1), awk(1).
BUGS
With default field separation, the collating sequence is that of sort -b; with -t, the sequence is that of a plain sort.
The conventions of join, sort, comm, uniq, look and awk(1) are wildly incongruous.
7th Edition April 29, 1985 JOIN(1)