printf(3UCB)					     SunOS/BSD Compatibility Library Functions					      printf(3UCB)

NAME

       printf, fprintf, sprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf - formatted output conversion

SYNOPSIS

       /usr/ucb/cc [flag ...] file ...
       #include <stdio.h>

       int printf( format,  ...);
       const char *format;

       int fprintf( stream,  format,  va_list);
       FILE *stream;
       char *format;
       va_dcl;

       char *sprintf( s,  format,  va_list);
       char *s, *format;
       va_dcl;

       int vprintf(format, ap);
       char *format;
       va_list ap;

       int vfprintf( stream,  format,  ap);
       FILE *stream;
       char *format;
       va_list ap;

       char *vsprintf( s,  format,  ap);
       char *s, *format;
       va_list ap;

DESCRIPTION

       printf() places output on the standard output stream stdout. fprintf() places output on the named output stream. sprintf() places "output,"
       followed by the NULL character (), in consecutive bytes starting at *s; it is the user's responsibility to ensure that enough storage	is
       available.

       vprintf(),  vfprintf(), and vsprintf() are the same as printf(), fprintf(), and sprintf() respectively, except that instead of being called
       with a variable number of arguments, they are called with an argument list as defined by <varargs.h>.

       Each of these functions converts, formats, and prints its args under control of the format. The format is a character string which contains
       two  types  of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to the output stream, and conversion specifications, each of which causes
       conversion and printing of zero or more args. The results are undefined if there are insufficient args for the format.  If  the	format	is
       exhausted while args remain, the excess args are simply ignored.

       Each conversion specification is introduced by the character %. After the %, the following appear in sequence:

	 o  Zero or more flags, which modify the meaning of the conversion specification.

	 o  An	optional  decimal digit string specifying a minimum field width. If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width,
	    it will be padded on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment flag `-', described below, has been given) to  the	field  width.  The
	    padding is with blanks unless the field width digit string starts with a zero, in which case the padding is with zeros.

	 o  A  precision that gives the minimum number of digits to appear for the d, i, o, u, x, or X conversions, the number of digits to appear
	    after the decimal point for the e, E, and f conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for the g and G conversion,  or  the
	    maximum  number  of characters to be printed from a string in s conversion. The precision takes the form of a period (.) followed by a
	    decimal digit string; a NULL digit string is treated as zero. Padding specified by the precision overrides the  padding  specified	by
	    the field width.

	 o  An	optional  l  (ell) specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion character applies to a long integer arg. An l before
	    any other conversion character is ignored.

	 o  A character that indicates the type of conversion to be applied.

       A field width or precision or both may be indicated by an asterisk (*) instead of a digit string. In this case, an integer arg supplies the
       field  width  or  precision.  The arg that is actually converted is not fetched until the conversion letter is seen, so the args specifying
       field width or precision must appear before the arg (if any) to be converted. A negative field width argument is taken as a `-'	flag  fol-
       lowed by a positive field width. If the precision argument is negative, it will be changed to zero.

       The flag characters and their meanings are:

       -	       The result of the conversion will be left-justified within the field.

       +	       The result of a signed conversion will always begin with a sign (+ or -).

       blank	       If  the	first character of a signed conversion is not a sign, a blank will be prefixed to the result. This implies that if
		       the blank and + flags both appear, the blank flag will be ignored.

       #	       This flag specifies that the value is to be converted to an "alternate form." For c, d, i, s, and u conversions,  the  flag
		       has  no effect.	For o conversion, it increases the precision to force the first digit of the result to be a zero. For x or
		       X conversion, a non-zero result will have 0x or 0X prefixed to it. For e, E, f, g,  and	G  conversions,  the  result  will
		       always  contain	a  decimal  point,  even if no digits follow the point (normally, a decimal point appears in the result of
		       these conversions only if a digit follows it). For g and G conversions, trailing zeroes will not be removed from the result
		       (which they normally are).

       The conversion characters and their meanings are:

       d,i,o,u,x,X     The  integer arg is converted to signed decimal (d or i), unsigned octal (o), unsigned decimal (u), or unsigned hexadecimal
		       notation (x and X), respectively; the letters abcdef are used for x conversion and the letters ABCDEF for X conversion. The
		       precision  specifies  the minimum number of digits to appear; if the value being converted can be represented in fewer dig-
		       its, it will be expanded with leading zeroes. (For compatibility with older  versions,  padding	with  leading  zeroes  may
		       alternatively  be  specified  by  prepending  a	zero  to the field width. This does not imply an octal value for the field
		       width.) The default precision is 1. The result of converting a zero value with a precision of zero is a NULL string.

       f	       The float or double arg is converted to decimal notation in the style [-]ddd.ddd where the number of digits after the deci-
		       mal  point  is  equal  to the precision specification. If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision is
		       explicitly 0, no digits and no decimal point are printed.

       e,E	       The float or double arg is converted in the style [-]d.ddde+-ddd, where there is one digit before the decimal point and the
		       number of digits after it is equal to the precision; when the precision is missing, 6 digits are produced; if the precision
		       is zero, no decimal point appears. The E format code will produce a number with E instead of e  introducing  the  exponent.
		       The exponent always contains at least two digits.

       g,G	       The float or double arg is printed in style f or e (or in style E in the case of a G format code), with the precision spec-
		       ifying the number of significant digits. The style used depends on the value converted: style e or E will be used  only	if
		       the  exponent resulting from the conversion is less than -4 or greater than the precision. Trailing zeroes are removed from
		       the result; a decimal point appears only if it is followed by a digit.

       The e, E f, g, and G formats print IEEE indeterminate values (infinity or not-a-number) as "Infinity" or "NaN" respectively.

       c	       The character arg is printed.

       s	       The arg is taken to be a string (character pointer) and characters from the string are printed until a NULL character  ()
		       is  encountered	or until the number of characters indicated by the precision specification is reached. If the precision is
		       missing, it is taken to be infinite, so all characters up to the first NULL character are printed. A  NULL  value  for  arg
		       will yield undefined results.

       %	       Print a %; no argument is converted.

       In  no  case  does  a  non-existent or small field width cause truncation of a field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the field
       width, the field is simply expanded to contain the conversion result. Padding takes place only if the specified	field  width  exceeds  the
       actual width. Characters generated by printf() and fprintf() are printed as if putc(3C) had been called.

RETURN VALUES

       Upon  success,  printf()  and fprintf() return the number of characters transmitted, excluding the null character. vprintf() and vfprintf()
       return the number of characters transmitted. sprintf() and vsprintf() always return  s.	If  an	output	error  is  encountered,  printf(),
       fprint(), vprintf(), and vfprintf() return EOF.

EXAMPLES

       Example 1: Examples of the printf Command To Print a Date and Time

       To print a date and time in the form "Sunday, July 3, 10:02," where weekday and month are pointers to NULL-terminated strings:

       printf("%s, %s %i, %d:%.2d", weekday, month, day, hour, min);

       Example 2: Examples of the printf Command To Print to Five Decimal Places

       To print to five decimal places:

       printf("pi = %.5f", 4 * atan(1. 0));

SEE ALSO

       econvert(3C), putc(3C), scanf(3C), vprintf(3C)

NOTES

       Use  of these interfaces should be restricted to only applications written on BSD platforms. Use of these interfaces with any of the system
       libraries or in multi-thread applications is unsupported.

       Very wide fields (>128 characters) fail.

SunOS 5.10							    18 Feb 1993 						      printf(3UCB)