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Top Forums Programming Newline in ANSI-C standard functions Post 303020082 by yifangt on Thursday 12th of July 2018 07:12:37 PM
Old 07-12-2018
Newline in ANSI-C standard functions

Can someone outline the "best practice" (if any!) to handle newline in ANSI-C standard library functions?
I had some confusion with these functions recently related to char array and char pointer.
puts(), printf(), strcpy(), strncpy(), memset().
I seem to understand their basic use, but got quite confused on some situations.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

//Some said don't use strcpy() but use strncpy()!!!
int main () {
   char str1[128];
   char str2[256];
   int len1, len2;
//   strcpy(str1, "this is string1");
//   strcpy(str2, "That is test string2");
   len1=strlen("this is string1");
   len2=strlen("That is test string2");

   //memset(str1, '\0', sizeof(str1));   //why is it needed?
   strncpy(str1, "this is string1", len1);
   strncpy(str2, "That is test string2", len2);
   puts("___Line 1___");
   puts(str1);
   puts("___Line 2___");
   puts(str2);
   return (0);
}

1) For unknown reason, sometime I got output:
Code:
this is string10That is test string2
That is test string2.

With the memset() function inserted, I always got the correct output. But, I do not see memset() is combined with these strncpy()/strcpy() very often.
2) The 4 puts() are in a row, but sometime they gave extra blank line that seems come from extra newline (especially in the next example), but I read puts() only appends newline at the end.
Here is another example where I tested with printf() and puts():
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

//Tried from scratch combining const/strlen/malloc/'\0' concepts

void swap(char* s1, char* s2) {
         *s1 = *s1 ^ *s2;
         *s2 = *s2 ^ *s1;
         *s1 = *s2 ^ *s1;
}

char* str_reverse_in_place_by_swap(char* str){
    int len = strlen(str);
    char* start = str;
    char* end = start + len - 1; //-1 for '\0'; Made a mistake: char* end = start + len 
;
    while(start < end )
    {
        swap(start, end);
        ++start;
        --end;
    }
return str;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  char* string1 = malloc(256*sizeof(char));    //first allocate 256 bytes long

  printf("Type a String to reverse it[max. 255 chars]:\n");

  if (fgets(string1, 256, stdin) == NULL)
      printf("Error! Non-empty string is needed!\n");

  char* str3 = malloc( (strlen(string1)+1) * sizeof(char) );
  printf("Before reverse string1(which should be empty!): %s\n", str3);

  printf("By reverse_in_place_by_swap():");
//  str3 = str_reverse_in_place_by_swap(string1);
//  puts(str_reverse_in_place_by_swap(string1));
  printf("%s\n", str_reverse_in_place_by_swap(string1));
  free(str3);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

I must have missed important rules to use these functions.
so I'm asking my question with "best practice" to narrow down my struggle if that is reasonable. Thanks.

Last edited by yifangt; 07-13-2018 at 12:33 PM..
 

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