04-05-2018
Quote:
Originally Posted by
scriptor
Hi Rudic
you suggestion works
Thank you.
Quote:
. . . in this can you please explain the working of below part.
Explaining
sed's intricate operation in depth exceeds my language capabilities as well probably space provided in here; on top, there's many texts on the topic in them there internet sites... once you're finished reading
sed's man and / or info pages as the principle sources of information.
In short,
sed has a pattern space and a hold space; on the former all commands operate upon, the latter is only copied and / or appended to / from, or exchanged. The commands can be influenced by (ranges of) addresses, which themselves can be regex (important:
man regex!) matches like
/pattern/ (
/^1/ matches a char "1" in the first place of a line) or line numbers (1 is the first line in an input stream). Don't mix up the two! The most powerful
sed command is
s(ubstitute):
s/\n//g globally
substitutes the regex pattern
\n (escape sequence interpreted as a <new line> char) with the empty string, effectively removing it.
Quote:
. . . also I will be grateful to your if suggest me how should I also learnt or understand so that I can too build similar 1 line coding . . .
L1 - reading - exercise - reading - exercise - goto L1
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is a text formatter. Its input consists of the text to be out-
put, intermixed with formatting commands. A formatting command
is a line containing the control character followed by a two
character command name, and possibly one or more arguments. The
control character is initially . (dot). The formatted output is
produced on standard output. The formatting commands are listed
below, with being a number, being a character, and being a title.
A + before n means it may be signed, indicating a positive or
negative change from the current value. Initial values for where
relevant, are given in parentheses.
.ad Adjust right margin.
.ar Arabic page numbers.
.br Line break. Subsequent text will begin on a new line.
.bl n Insert n blank lines.
.bp +n Begin new page and number it n. No n means +1.
.cc c Control character is set to c.
.ce n Center the next n input lines.
.de zz Define a macro called zz. A line with .. ends definition.
.ds Double space the output. Same as .ls 2.
.ef t Even page footer title is set to t.
.eh t Even page header title is set to t.
.fi Begin filling output lines as full as possible.
.fo t Footer titles (even and odd) are set to t.
.hc c The character c (e.g., %) tells roff where hyphens are permitted.
.he t Header titles (even and odd) are set to t.
.hx Header titles are suppressed.
.hy n Hyphenation is done if n is 1, suppressed if it is 0. Default is 1.
.ig Ignore input lines until a line beginning with .. is found.
.in n Indent n spaces from the left margin; force line break.
.ix n Same as .in but continue filling output on current line.
.li n Literal text on next n lines. Copy to output unmodified.
.ll +n Line length (including indent) is set to n (65).
.ls +n Line spacing: n (1) is 1 for single spacing, 2 for double, etc.
.m1 n Insert n (2) blank lines between top of page and header.
.m2 n Insert n (2) blank lines between header and start of text.
.m3 n Insert n (1) blank lines between end of text and footer.
.m4 n Insert n (3) blank lines between footer and end of page.
.na No adjustment of the right margin.
.ne n Need n lines. If fewer are left, go to next page.
.nn +n The next n output lines are not numbered.
.n1 Number output lines in left margin starting at 1.
.n2 n Number output lines starting at n. If 0, stop numbering.
.ni +n Indent line numbers by n (0) spaces.
.nf No more filling of lines.
.nx f Switch input to file f.
.of t Odd page footer title is set to t.
.oh t Odd page header title is set to t.
.pa +n Page adjust by n (1). Same as .bp
.pl +n Paper length is n (66) lines.
.po +n Page offset. Each line is started with n (0) spaces.
.ro Page numbers are printed in Roman numerals.
.sk n Skip n pages (i.e., make them blank), starting with next one.
.sp n Insert n blank lines, except at top of page.
.ss Single spacing. Equivalent to .ls 1.
.ta Set tab stops, e.g., .ta 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 (default).
.tc c Tabs are expanded into c. Default is space.
.ti n Indent next line n spaces; then go back to previous indent.
.tr ab Translate a into b on output.
.ul n Underline the letters and numbers in the next n lines.