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Top Forums UNIX for Beginners Questions & Answers Interpreting Linux's free command output Post 303010964 by omega3 on Thursday 11th of January 2018 05:32:04 AM
Old 01-11-2018
Interpreting Linux's free command output

I have two questions on Linux's free command. Below, I have provided output from my home laptop (fedora 26 ) which has 16GB Physical RAM and a production server (RHEL 7.4) which has 24GB RAM.


Question1. What exactly does the buffer/cache column say in free command's output ? buffer/cache is only 1GB in my home laptop but it is 18GB in production server below.


Question2. To know the free RAM available to the system, Can I trust the 'available' column rather than the 'free' column ?
In my home laptop, the 'free' column shows 13GB and available shows 14GB
But, in my production server, when the free command shows just 2GB , the available command shows 9 GB


My Home Laptop with 16 GB RAM (Fedora 26)
Code:
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Fedora release 26 (Twenty Six)
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$ uname -a
Linux keithspc 4.12.8-300.fc26.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Aug 17 15:30:20 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$ free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            15G        854M         13G        385M        1.0G         14G
Swap:          7.8G          0B        7.8G
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          15939         854       14073         385        1011       14362
Swap:          8034           0        8034
[sysadmin@keithspc ~]$

A production Server (VM) with 24GB RAM (RHEL 7.4)
Code:
[root@manhprod187 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.4 (Maipo)
[root@manhprod187 ~]#
[root@manhprod187 ~]# uname -a
Linux manhprod187 3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Oct 13 10:46:25 EDT 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@manhprod187 ~]#
[root@manhprod187 ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            23G        3.3G        2.0G         10G         18G        9.0G
Swap:          2.0G        1.4G        674M
[root@manhprod187 ~]#
[root@manhprod187 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          23948        3471        2002       11006       18473        9194
Swap:          2063        1389         674
[root@manhprod187 ~]#

 

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SLABINFO(5)						     Linux Programmer's Manual						       SLABINFO(5)

NAME
/proc/slabinfo - Kernel slab allocator statistics SYNOPSIS
cat /proc/slabinfo DESCRIPTION
Frequently used objects in the Linux kernel (buffer heads, inodes, dentries, etc.) have their own cache. The file /proc/slabinfo gives statistics. For example: % cat /proc/slabinfo slabinfo - version: 1.1 kmem_cache 60 78 100 2 2 1 blkdev_requests 5120 5120 96 128 128 1 mnt_cache 20 40 96 1 1 1 inode_cache 7005 14792 480 1598 1849 1 dentry_cache 5469 5880 128 183 196 1 filp 726 760 96 19 19 1 buffer_head 67131 71240 96 1776 1781 1 vm_area_struct 1204 1652 64 23 28 1 ... size-8192 1 17 8192 1 17 2 size-4096 41 73 4096 41 73 1 ... For each slab cache, the cache name, the number of currently active objects, the total number of available objects, the size of each object in bytes, the number of pages with at least one active object, the total number of allocated pages, and the number of pages per slab are given. Note that because of object alignment and slab cache overhead, objects are not normally packed tightly into pages. Pages with even one in- use object are considered in-use and cannot be freed. Kernels compiled with slab cache statistics will also have "(statistics)" in the first line of output, and will have 5 additional columns, namely: the high water mark of active objects; the number of times objects have been allocated; the number of times the cache has grown (new pages added to this cache); the number of times the cache has been reaped (unused pages removed from this cache); and the number of times there was an error allocating new pages to this cache. If slab cache statistics are not enabled for this kernel, these columns will not be shown. SMP systems will also have "(SMP)" in the first line of output, and will have two additional columns for each slab, reporting the slab allocation policy for the CPU-local cache (to reduce the need for inter-CPU synchronization when allocating objects from the cache). The first column is the per-CPU limit: the maximum number of objects that will be cached for each CPU. The second column is the batchcount: the maximum number of free objects in the global cache that will be transferred to the per-CPU cache if it is empty, or the number of objects to be returned to the global cache if the per-CPU cache is full. If both slab cache statistics and SMP are defined, there will be four additional columns, reporting the per-CPU cache statistics. The first two are the per-CPU cache allocation hit and miss counts: the number of times an object was or was not available in the per-CPU cache for allocation. The next two are the per-CPU cache free hit and miss counts: the number of times a freed object could or could not fit within the per-CPU cache limit, before flushing objects to the global cache. It is possible to tune the SMP per-CPU slab cache limit and batchcount via: echo "cache_name limit batchcount" > /proc/slabinfo FILES
<linux/slab.h> VERSIONS
/proc/slabinfo exists since Linux 2.1.23. SMP per-CPU caches exist since Linux 2.4.0-test3. NOTES
Since Linux 2.6.16 the file /proc/slabinfo is only present if the CONFIG_SLAB kernel configuration option is enabled. COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. 2007-09-30 SLABINFO(5)
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