BRIDGE(8)							       Linux								 BRIDGE(8)

NAME

       bridge - show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices

SYNOPSIS

       bridge [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

       OBJECT := { link | fdb | mdb | vlan | monitor }

       OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] }

       bridge link set dev DEV	[ cost COST ] [ priority PRIO ]  [ state STATE] [ guard { on | off } ] [ hairpin { on | off } ] [ fastleave { on |
	       off } ] [ root_block { on | off } ] [ hwmode { vepa | veb } ]

       bridge link [ show ] [ dev DEV ]

       bridge fdb { add | append | del | replace } LLADDR dev DEV { local | temp } { self } { router } [ dst IPADDR ] [ vni VNI ] [ port PORT ] [
	       via DEVICE ]

       bridge fdb [ show ] [ dev DEV ]

       bridge mdb { add | del } dev DEV port PORT grp GROUP [ permanent | temp ]

       bridge mdb show [ dev DEV ]

       bridge vlan { add | del } dev DEV vid VID [ pvid ] [ untagged ]	[ self ]  [ master ]

       bridge vlan [ show ] [ dev DEV ]

       bridge monitor [ all | neigh | link | mdb ]

OPTIONS

       -V, -Version
	      print the version of the bridge utility and exit.

       -s, -stats, -statistics
	      output more information.	If this option is given multiple times, the amount of information increases.  As a rule, the information
	      is statistics or some time values.

BRIDGE - COMMAND SYNTAX
   OBJECT
       link   - Bridge port.

       fdb    - Forwarding Database entry.

       mdb    - Multicast group database entry.

       vlan   - VLAN filter list.

   COMMAND
       Specifies the action to perform on the object.  The set of possible actions depends on the object type.	As a rule, it is possible to add,
       delete and show (or list ) objects, but some objects do not allow all of these operations or have some additional commands.  The help com-
       mand is available for all objects.  It prints out a list of available commands and argument syntax conventions.

       If no command is given, some default command is assumed.  Usually it is list or, if the objects of this class cannot be listed, help.

bridge link - bridge port
       link objects correspond to the port devices of the bridge.

       The corresponding commands set and display port status and bridge specific attributes.

   bridge link set - set bridge specific attributes on a port
       dev NAME
	      interface name of the bridge port

       cost COST
	      the STP path cost of the specified port.

       priority PRIO
	      the STP port priority.  The priority value is an unsigned 8-bit quantity (number between 0 and 255).  This metric is used in the
	      designated port an droot port selectio algorithms.

       state STATE
	      the operation state of the port.	This is primarily used by user space STP/RSTP implementation.  The following is a list of valid
	      values:

	      0 - port is DISABLED.  Make this port completely inactive.

	      1 - STP LISTENING state.	Only valid if STP is enabled on the brige.  In this state the port for list for STP BPDUs and drop all
	      other traffic.

	      2 - STP LEARNING state.  Only valid if STP is enabled on the bridge.  In this state the port will accept traffic only for the pur-
	      pose of updating MAC adress tables.

	      3 - STP FORWARDING state.  Port is fully active.

	      4 - STP BLOCKING state.  Only valid if STP is enabled on the bridge.  This state is used during the STP election process.  In this
	      state, port will only process STP BPDUs.

       guard on or guard off
	      Controls whether STP BPUDs will be processed by the bridge port.	By default, the flag is turned off allowed BPDU processing.  Turn-
	      ing this flag on will cause the port to stop processing STP BPDUs.

       hairpin on or hairpin off
	      Controls whether traffic may be send back out of the port on which it was received.  By default, this flag is turned off and the
	      bridge will not forward traffic back out of the receiving port.

       fastleave on or fastleave off
	      This flag allows the bridge to immediately stop multicast traffic on a port that receives IGMP Leave message.  It is only used with
	      IGMP snooping is enabled on the bridge.  By default the flag is off.

       root_block on or root_block off
	      Controls whether a given port is allowed to become root port or not.  Only used when STP is enabled on the bridge.  By default the
	      flag is off.

       hwmode Some network interface cards support HW bridge functionality and they may be configured in different modes.  Currently support modes
	      are:

	      vepa - Data sent between HW ports is sent on the wire to the external switch.

	      veb - bridging happens in hardware.

   bridge link show - list bridge port configuration.
       This command displays the current bridge port configuration and flags.

bridge fdb - forwarding database management
       fdb objects contain known Ethernet addresses on a  link.

       The corresponding commands display fdb entries, add new entries, append entries, and delete old ones.

   bridge fdb add - add a new fdb entry
       This command creates a new fdb entry.

       LLADDR the Ethernet MAC address.

       dev DEV
	      the interface to which this address is associated.

	      self - the address is associated with a software fdb (default)

	      router - the destination address is associated with a router.  Valid if the referenced device is a VXLAN type device and has route
	      shortcircuit enabled.

      The next command line parameters apply only when the specified device DEV is of type VXLAN.

       dst IPADDR
	      the IP address of the destination VXLAN tunnel endpoint where the Ethernet MAC ADDRESS resides.

       vni VNI
	      the VXLAN VNI Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID) to use to connect to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.  If omitted the value
	      specified at vxlan device creation will be used.

       port PORT
	      the UDP destination PORT number to use to connect to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.  If omitted the default value is used.

       via DEVICE
	      device name of the outgoing interface for the VXLAN device driver to reach the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.

   bridge fdb append - append a forwarding database entry
       This command adds a new fdb entry with an already known LLADDR.	Valid only for multicast link layer addresses.	The command adds support
       for broadcast and multicast Ethernet MAC addresses.  The Ethernet MAC address is added multiple times into the forwarding database and the
       vxlan device driver sends a copy of the data packet to each entry found.

       The arguments are the same as with bridge fdb add,

   bridge fdb delete - delete a forwarding database entry
       This command removes an existing fdb entry.

       The arguments are the same as with bridge fdb add.

   bridge fdb replace - replace a forwarding database entry
       This command replaces an already present fdb entry.

       The arguments are the same as with bridge fdb add,

   bridge fdb show - list forwarding entries.
       This command displays the current forwarding table.

       With the -statistics option, the command becomes verbose.  It prints out the last updated and last used time for each entry.

bridge mdb - multicast group database management
       mdb objects contain known IP multicast group addresses on a link.

       The corresponding commands display mdb entries, add new entries, and delete old ones.

   bridge mdb add - add a new multicast group database entry
       This command creates a new mdb entry.

       dev DEV
	      the interface where this group address is associated.

       port PORT
	      the port whose link is known to have members of this multicast group.

       grp GROUP
	      the IP multicast group address whose members reside on the link connected to the port.

	      permanent - the mdb entry is permanent

	      temp - the mdb entry is temporary (default)

   bridge mdb delete - delete a multicast group database entry
       This command removes an existing mdb entry.

       The arguments are the same as with bridge mdb add.

   bridge mdb show - list multicast group database entries
       This command displays the current multicast group membership table. The table is populated by IGMP and MLD snooping in the bridge driver
       automatically. It can be altered by bridge mdb add and bridge mdb del commands manually too.

       dev DEV
	      the interface only whose entries should be listed. Default is to list all bridge interfaces.

       With the -details option, the command becomes verbose.  It prints out the ports known to have a connected router.

bridge vlan - VLAN filter list
       vlan objects contain known VLAN IDs for a link.

       The corresponding commands display vlan filter entries, add new entries, and delete old ones.

   bridge vlan add - add a new vlan filter entry
       This command creates a new vlan filter entry.

       dev NAME
	      the interface with which this vlan is associated.

       vid VID
	      the VLAN ID that identifies the vlan.

       pvid   the vlan specified is to be considered a PVID at ingress.  Any untagged frames will be assigned to this VLAN.

       untagged
	      the vlan specified is to be treated as untagged on egress.

       self   the vlan is configured on the specified physical device.	Required if the device is the bridge device.

       master the vlan is configured on the software bridge (default).

   bridge vlan delete - delete a forwarding database entry
       This command removes an existing fdb entry.

       The arguments are the same as with bridge vlan add.  The pvid and untagged flags are ignored.

   bridge vlan show - list vlan configuration.
       This command displays the current VLAN filter table.

bridge monitor - state monitoring
       The bridge utility can monitor the state of devices and	addresses continuously.  This option has a slightly different format.  Namely, the
       monitor command is the first in the command line and then the object list follows:

       bridge monitor [ all | OBJECT-LIST ]

       OBJECT-LIST is the list of object types that we want to monitor.  It may contain link,  fdb, and mdb.  If no file argument is given, bridge
       opens RTNETLINK, listens on it and dumps state changes in the format described in previous sections.

       If a file name is given, it does not listen on RTNETLINK, but opens the file containing RTNETLINK messages saved in binary format and dumps
       them.  Such a history file can be generated with the

NOTES

       This command uses facilities added in Linux 3.0.

       Although the forwarding table is maintained on a per-bridge device basis the bridge device is not part of the syntax. This is a limitation
       of the underlying netlink neighbour message protocol. When displaying the forwarding table, entries for all bridges are displayed.
       Add/delete/modify commands determine the underlying bridge device based on the bridge to which the corresponding ethernet device is
       attached.

SEE ALSO

       ip(8)

BUGS

       Please direct bugreports and patches to: <netdev@vger.kernel.org>

AUTHOR

       Original Manpage by Stephen Hemminger

iproute2							   1 August 2012							 BRIDGE(8)