09-12-2017
Putting ordinary users on a system directory tree (disk or lun) is not a great idea.
Why?
Example: Users do dumb thing like inflate a bunch of compressed files, causing the disk to be full. Having a full system disk is not good at all. Filling the users disk is annoying but not a potential system problem. Put the user directories where they cannot cause problems.
Next - sysadmins have different ways of handling applications. They generally add new directories for the application and separate new directories for runtime (shared) libraries. This requires a change to the PATH variable and also to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable (or whatever OSX uses now). Again, keeping this stuff off the /usr tree is the best approach.
Example:
Oracle does this as part of installation, and creates special variables that you add to the system-wide .profile file. So any oracle system has a simple way of getting those variables set to a default during login. And these directories are not put on the /usr tree by default.
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
s3qllock
S3QLLOCK(1) S3QL S3QLLOCK(1)
NAME
s3qllock - Make trees on an S3QL file system immutable
SYNOPSIS
s3qllock [options] <directory>
DESCRIPTION
S3QL is a file system for online data storage. Before using S3QL, make sure to consult the full documentation (rather than just the man
pages which only briefly document the available userspace commands).
The s3qllock command makes a directory tree in an S3QL file system immutable. Immutable trees can no longer be changed in any way whatso-
ever. You can not add new files or directories and you can not change or delete existing files and directories. The only way to get rid of
an immutable tree is to use the s3qlrm command.
s3qllock can only be called by the user that mounted the file system and (if the file system was mounted with --allow-other or
--allow-root) the root user. This limitation might be removed in the future (see issue 155).
RATIONALE
Immutability is a feature designed for backups. Traditionally, backups have been made on external tape drives. Once a backup was made, the
tape drive was removed and locked somewhere in a shelf. This has the great advantage that the contents of the backup are now permanently
fixed. Nothing (short of physical destruction) can change or delete files in the backup.
In contrast, when backing up into an online storage system like S3QL, all backups are available every time the file system is mounted.
Nothing prevents a file in an old backup from being changed again later on. In the worst case, this may make your entire backup system
worthless. Imagine that your system gets infected by a nasty virus that simply deletes all files it can find -- if the virus is active
while the backup file system is mounted, the virus will destroy all your old backups as well!
Even if the possibility of a malicious virus or trojan horse is excluded, being able to change a backup after it has been made is generally
not a good idea. A common S3QL use case is to keep the file system mounted at all times and periodically create backups with rsync -a. This
allows every user to recover her files from a backup without having to call the system administrator. However, this also allows every user
to accidentally change or delete files in one of the old backups.
Making a backup immutable protects you against all these problems. Unless you happen to run into a virus that was specifically programmed
to attack S3QL file systems, backups can be neither deleted nor changed after they have been made immutable.
OPTIONS
The s3qllock command accepts the following options:
--debug
activate debugging output
--quiet
be really quiet
--version
just print program version and exit
EXIT STATUS
s3qllock returns exit code 0 if the operation succeeded and 1 if some error occurred.
SEE ALSO
The S3QL homepage is at http://code.google.com/p/s3ql/.
The full S3QL documentation should also be installed somewhere on your system, common locations are /usr/share/doc/s3ql or
/usr/local/doc/s3ql.
COPYRIGHT
2008-2011, Nikolaus Rath
1.11.1 August 27, 2014 S3QLLOCK(1)