NDISASM(1)						      General Commands Manual							NDISASM(1)

NAME

       ndisasm - the Netwide Disassembler - 80x86 binary file disassembler

SYNOPSIS

       ndisasm [ -o origin ] [ -s sync-point [...]]  [ -a | -i ] [ -b bits ] [ -u ] [ -e hdrlen ] [ -k offset,length [...]]  infile
       ndisasm -h
       ndisasm -r

DESCRIPTION

       The ndisasm command generates a disassembly listing of the binary file infile and directs it to stdout.

   OPTIONS
       -h     Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after giving a summary of its invocation options.

       -r     Causes ndisasm to exit immediately, after displaying its version number.

       -o origin
	      Specifies  the  notional load address for the file. This option causes ndisasm to get the addresses it lists down the left hand mar-
	      gin, and the target addresses of PC-relative jumps and calls, right.

       -s sync-point
	      Manually specifies a synchronisation address, such that ndisasm will not output any machine instruction which encompasses  bytes	on
	      both sides of the address. Hence the instruction which starts at that address will be correctly disassembled.

       -e hdrlen
	      Specifies  a  number of bytes to discard from the beginning of the file before starting disassembly. This does not count towards the
	      calculation of the disassembly offset: the first disassembled instruction will be shown starting at the given load address.

       -k offset,length
	      Specifies that length bytes, starting from disassembly offset offset, should be skipped over  without  generating  any  output.  The
	      skipped bytes still count towards the calculation of the disassembly offset.

       -a or -i
	      Enables  automatic  (or intelligent) sync mode, in which ndisasm will attempt to guess where synchronisation should be performed, by
	      means of examining the target addresses of the relative jumps and calls it disassembles.

       -b bits
	      Specifies either 16-bit or 32-bit mode. The default is 16-bit mode.

       -u     Specifies 32-bit mode, more compactly than using `-b 32'.

       -p vendor
	      Prefers instructions as defined by vendor in case of a conflict.	Known vendor names  include  intel,  amd,  cyrix,  and	idt.   The
	      default is intel.

RESTRICTIONS

       ndisasm	only  disassembles  binary  files: it has no understanding of the header information present in object or executable files. If you
       want to disassemble an object file, you should probably be using objdump(1).

       Auto-sync mode won't necessarily cure all your synchronisation problems: a sync marker can only be placed automatically if a jump  or  call
       instruction  is	found  to  refer to it before ndisasm actually disassembles that part of the code. Also, if spurious jumps or calls result
       from disassembling non-machine-code data, sync markers may get placed in strange places. Feel free to turn auto-sync off  and  go  back	to
       doing it manually if necessary.

       ndisasm	can  only keep track of 8192 sync markers internally at once: this is to do with portability, since DOS machines don't take kindly
       to more than 64K being allocated at a time.

SEE ALSO

       objdump(1).

							   The Netwide Assembler Project						NDISASM(1)