WHOIS(1)						    BSD General Commands Manual 						  WHOIS(1)

NAME

     whois -- Internet domain name and network number directory service

SYNOPSIS

     whois [-6AadfgilmQRr] [-c country-code | -h host] [-p port] name [...]

DESCRIPTION

     The whois utility looks up records in the databases maintained by several Network Information Centers (NICs).

     The options are as follows:

     -6      Use the IPv6 Resource Center (6bone) database.  It contains network names and addresses for the IPv6 network.

     -A      Use the Asia/Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) database.	It contains network numbers used in East Asia, Australia, New Zea-
	     land, and the Pacific islands.

     -a      Use the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) database.  It contains network numbers used in those parts of the world not
	     covered by AfriNIC, APNIC, LACNIC or by RIPE.

	     (Hint: All point of contact handles in the ARIN whois database end with "-ARIN".)

     -c country-code
	     This is the equivalent of using the -h option with an argument of "country-code.whois-servers.net".

     -d      Use the US Department of Defense database.  It contains points of contact for subdomains of .MIL.

     -f      Use the African Network Information Center (AfriNIC) database.  It contains network numbers used in Africa.

     -g      Use the US non-military federal government database, which contains points of contact for subdomains of .GOV.

     -h host
	     Use the specified host instead of the default NIC (whois.crsnic.net).  Either a host name or an IP address may be specified.

	     By default whois constructs the name of a whois server to use from the top-level domain (TLD) of the supplied (single) argument, and
	     appending ".whois-servers.net".  This effectively allows a suitable whois server to be selected automatically for a large number of
	     TLDs.

	     In the event that an IP address is specified, the whois server will default to the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN).	If
	     a query to ARIN references AfriNIC, APNIC, LACNIC, or RIPE, that server will be queried also, provided that the -Q option is not
	     specified.

	     If the query is not a domain name or IP address, whois will fall back to whois.crsnic.net.

     -i      Use the Network Solutions Registry for Internet Numbers (whois.networksolutions.com) database.  Historically, it contained network
	     numbers and domain contact information for most of .COM, .NET, .ORG and .EDU domains.  However, the registration of these domains is
	     now done by a number of independent and competing registrars and this database holds no information on the domains registered by
	     organizations other than Network Solutions, Inc.  Also, note that the InterNIC database (whois.internic.net) is no longer handled by
	     Network Solutions, Inc.  For details, see http://www.internic.net/.

	     (Hint: Contact information, identified by the term handle, can be looked up by prefixing "!" or "handle " to the NIC handle in the
	     query.)

     -l      Use the Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry (LACNIC) database.  It contains network numbers used in much of
	     Latin America and the Caribbean.

     -m      Use the Route Arbiter Database (RADB) database.  It contains route policy specifications for a large number of operators' networks.

     -p port
	     Connect to the whois server on port.  If this option is not specified, whois defaults to the ``whois'' port listed in /etc/services
	     (port 43).

     -Q      Do a quick lookup.  This means that whois will not attempt to lookup the name in the authoritative whois server (if one is listed)
	     nor will it contact InterNic if a lookup fails.  This flag has no effect when combined with any other flag.

     -R      Use the Russia Network Information Center (RIPN) database.  It contains network numbers and domain contact information for subdomains
	     of .RU.  This option is deprecated; use the -c option with an argument of "RU" instead.

     -r      Use the R'eseaux IP Europ'eens (RIPE) database.  It contains network numbers and domain contact information for Europe.

     The default action, unless directed otherwise with a special name, is to do a very broad search, looking for matches to name in all types of
     records and most fields (name, nicknames, hostname, net address, etc.) in the database.  For more information as to what name operands have
     special meaning, and how to guide the search, use the special name ``help''.

   Special cases
     Queries beginning with an exclamation point '!' are assumed to be NSI contact handles.  Unless a host or domain is specified on the command
     line, (whois.networksolutions.com) will be used as the whois database.

     Similarly, queries beginning with ``COCO-'' are assumed to be CORE contact handles.  Unless a host or domain is specified on the command
     line, (whois.corenic.net) will be used as the whois database.

EXAMPLES

     Most types of data, such as domain names and IP addresses, can be used as arguments to whois without any options, and whois will choose the
     correct whois server to query.  Some exceptions, where whois will not be able to handle data correctly, are detailed below.

     To obtain contact information about an administrator located in the Russian TLD domain "RU", use the -c option as shown in the following
     example, where CONTACT-ID is substituted with the actual contact identifier.

	   whois -c RU CONTACT-ID

     (Note: This example is specific to the TLD "RU", but other TLDs can be queried by using a similar syntax.)

     The following example demonstrates how to obtain information about an IPv6 address or hostname using the -6 option, which directs the query
     to 6bone.

	   whois -6 IPv6-IP-Address

     The following example demonstrates how to query a whois server using a non-standard port, where ``query-data'' is the query to be sent to
     ``whois.example.com'' on port ``rwhois'' (written numerically as 4321).

	   whois -h whois.example.com -p rwhois query-data

SEE ALSO

     Ken Harrenstien and Vic White, NICNAME/WHOIS, 1 March 1982, RFC 812.

HISTORY

     The whois command appeared in 4.3BSD.

BSD
								 September 9, 2007							       BSD