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Special Forums IP Networking Cant ping Linux machine from Windows Post 302991919 by bakunin on Saturday 18th of February 2017 10:39:12 AM
Old 02-18-2017
Quote:
Originally Posted by videsh77
Its not seen in

arp -a

What is its significance ?
That means that there isn't even a Layer-2 connection in place.

ARP (address resolution protocol) is working on its own address schema (the "MAC-addresses") and works below IP (=Layer 3).

When a IP-Host wants to contact another IP-Host on the same Ethernet segment this is how the communication is finally resolved: each host maintains a table (the so-called "ARP-cache", which the command arp lists) about which IP-address on the same segment relates to which MAC-address (=identifier for a certain network card) and uses this to contact the right host (more precisely: the correct IP-Interface of a certain host). For communication across segment boundaries there are bridges (or routers, switches, ...., which work the same in this regard), which are used as relays. Say, "hostA" (on segment A) wants to contact "hostB" (on segement B):

Code:
hostA@segmentA: sends packet  "dest-IP=hostB, dest-MAC=MAC of router(interfaceA), sender-IP=hostA, senderMAC=hostA"
router(interfaceA): accepts this packet as it is MAC-addressed to it
router: rewrites this packet to "dest-IP=hostB, dest-MAC=MAC of hostB, sender-IP=hostA, sender-MAC=MAC of router(interfaceB)"
router(interfaceB): sends packet to hostB

I hope this helps.

bakunin
 

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learp(8)						      System Manager's Manual							  learp(8)

NAME
learp - Displays the contents of a LAN-Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE-ARP) table SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/learp [-u unit_number] -a OPTIONS
Specifies a LE-ARP cache. The unit number is the same as is displayed by the netstat -i command. For example: elan0 is unit 0, elan1 is unit 1, and so on. If the -u option is not specified, the default unit number is 0. Displays all entries in the LAN-Emulation Address Resolution Pro- tocol (LE-ARP) table. DESCRIPTION
Each LAN-Emulation Client interface (displayed as elann in netstat output) has an Address Resolution Protocol (LE-ARP) table that contains mappings of 6-byte medium access control (MAC) addresses to 20-byte Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) addresses. The learp command displays the contents of the LE-ARP table. Each LE-ARP table entry contains the following information: Each MAC address that has been or is being contacted through the ATM-emulated LAN. One of the following state values: AP -- LE-ARP is pending. The ATM address associated with the MAC address is not known. DE -- Delete of the LE-ARP cache entry is pending. When there are no more VCs for a LE-ARP entry, it is marked for deletion. After there is no activity for 5 minutes (age periond), the entry is removed for the cache. FD -- Forward Direct. Packets flowing to the destination are using the data-direct VC. FL -- Flush is pending. A new VC has been established with the remote node and the broadcast channel is being flushed so packets flowing on the new VC will not arrive out of order. VP -- Virtual Channel (VC) setup is pending. The ATM address is known, but no VC is established with the remote node. If known, the 20-byte ATM address associated with the MAC address. One of the fol- lowing flags: R -- Remote entry. The MAC address is on a legacy (that is, Ethernet) network on the back side of an ATM edge device. P -- Permanent entry. The LE-ARP entry is permanent. If known, this is the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) of the data-direct VC used by packets destined to the MAC address. Many MAC addresses may use the same VC. EXAMPLES
The following example shows the output of a learp -a command in which the LE-ARP cache contains five entries: # learp -a le-arp cache con- tains 5 entries. MAC Address State ATM Address Flags VPI/VCI 08-00-2b-01-01-01 (AP) pending 08-00-2b-01-01-02 (VP) 39000000000000000000000000.08002b010102.00 pending 08-00-2b-01-02-02 (FL) 39000000000000000000000000.08002b010203.00 R 0/65 08-00-2b-01-02-03 (FD) 39000000000000000000000000.08002b010203.00 0/65 SEE ALSO
Commands: atmconfig(8), atmelan(8), atmsig(8) learp(8)
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