RFORK(2)						      BSD System Calls Manual							  RFORK(2)

NAME

     rfork -- manipulate process resources

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <unistd.h>

     pid_t
     rfork(int flags);

DESCRIPTION

     Forking, vforking or rforking are the only ways new processes are created.  The flags argument to rfork() selects which resources of the
     invoking process (parent) are shared by the new process (child) or initialized to their default values.  The resources include the open file
     descriptor table (which, when shared, permits processes to open and close files for other processes), and open files.  The flags argument is
     the logical OR of some subset of:

     RFPROC	  If set a new process is created; otherwise changes affect the current process.

     RFNOWAIT	  If set, the child process will be dissociated from the parent.  Upon exit the child will not leave a status for the parent to
		  collect.  See wait(2).

     RFFDG	  If set, the invoker's file descriptor table (see intro(2)) is copied; otherwise the two processes share a single table.

     RFCFDG	  If set, the new process starts with a clean file descriptor table.  Is mutually exclusive with RFFDG.

     RFTHREAD	  If set, the new process shares file descriptor to process leaders table with its parent.  Only applies when neither RFFDG nor
		  RFCFDG are set.

     RFMEM	  If set, the kernel will force sharing of the entire address space, typically by sharing the hardware page table directly.  The
		  child will thus inherit and share all the segments the parent process owns, whether they are normally shareable or not.  The
		  stack segment is not split (both the parent and child return on the same stack) and thus rfork() with the RFMEM flag may not
		  generally be called directly from high level languages including C.  May be set only with RFPROC.  A helper function is provided
		  to assist with this problem and will cause the new process to run on the provided stack.  See rfork_thread(3) for information.

     RFSIGSHARE   If set, the kernel will force sharing the sigacts structure between the child and the parent.

     RFLINUXTHPN  If set, the kernel will return SIGUSR1 instead of SIGCHILD upon thread exit for the child.  This is intended to mimic certain
		  Linux clone behaviour.

     File descriptors in a shared file descriptor table are kept open until either they are explicitly closed or all processes sharing the table
     exit.

     If RFPROC is set, the value returned in the parent process is the process id of the child process; the value returned in the child is zero.
     Without RFPROC, the return value is zero.	Process id's range from 1 to the maximum integer (int) value.  The rfork() system call will sleep,
     if necessary, until required process resources are available.

     The fork() system call can be implemented as a call to rfork(RFFDG | RFPROC) but is not for backwards compatibility.

RETURN VALUES

     Upon successful completion, rfork() returns a value of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the child process to the parent
     process.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned to the parent process, no child process is created, and the global variable errno is set to
     indicate the error.

ERRORS

     The rfork() system call will fail and no child process will be created if:

     [EAGAIN]		The system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution would be exceeded.  The limit is given by the
			sysctl(3) MIB variable KERN_MAXPROC.  (The limit is actually ten less than this except for the super user).

     [EAGAIN]		The user is not the super user, and the system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution by a single
			user would be exceeded.  The limit is given by the sysctl(3) MIB variable KERN_MAXPROCPERUID.

     [EAGAIN]		The user is not the super user, and the soft resource limit corresponding to the resource argument RLIMIT_NOFILE would be
			exceeded (see getrlimit(2)).

     [EINVAL]		Both the RFFDG and the RFCFDG flags were specified.

     [EINVAL]		Any flags not listed above were specified.

     [ENOMEM]		There is insufficient swap space for the new process.

SEE ALSO

     fork(2), intro(2), minherit(2), vfork(2), rfork_thread(3)

HISTORY

     The rfork() function first appeared in Plan9.

BUGS

     FreeBSD does not yet implement a native clone() library call, and the current pthreads implementation does not use rfork() with RFMEM.  A
     native port of the linux threads library, /usr/ports/devel/linuxthreads, contains a working clone() call that utilizes RFMEM.  The
     rfork_thread(3) function can often be used instead of clone().

BSD
								   May 14, 2007 							       BSD