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Full Discussion: Ls -ltr in scripting
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Ls -ltr in scripting Post 302947068 by MadeInGermany on Monday 15th of June 2015 06:09:29 AM
Old 06-15-2015
Instead of saving and restoring IFS, one can set IFS in a sub-shell:
Code:
(
IFS='
'
cnt=0
for i in $(ls -ltr)
do
  cnt=$((cnt+1))
  echo "line ${cnt}: $i"
done
echo "total: $cnt lines"
)
# won't work in the main shell: echo "total: $cnt lines"

Of course any variable that is set in the sub-shell will not be in the main shell.
Also a while loop runs in a sub-shell (at least if fed from a pipe):
Code:
cnt=0
ls -ltr |
while read i
do
  cnt=$((cnt+1))
  echo "line ${cnt}: $i"
done
# won't work in the main shell: echo "total: $cnt lines"

 

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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN

hipercdecode

hipercdecode(1) 					      General Commands Manual						   hipercdecode(1)

NAME

       hipercdecode - Decode a HIPERC stream into human readable form.

SYNOPSIS

       hipercdecode [options] <hiperc-file

DESCRIPTION

       hipercdecode decodes a HIPERC stream into human readable form.  Uncompressed and JBIG formats are handled.

       An HIPERC stream is the printer langauge used by the Oki Data C310dn, C3100, C3200n, C3250n, C3300n, C3400n, C5100n, C5250n, C5500n, C5600,
       and the C5800n printers.

COMMAND LINE OPTIONS

       These are the options that can appear on the command line.

       -d basename
	      Basename of .pbm file for saving decompressed planes.

       -h     Print hex file offsets.

       -o     Print file offsets.

       -D level
	      Set Debug level [0].

EXAMPLES

       Decode an HIPERC stream file created by foo2hiperc.

       $ foo2hiperc-wrapper testpage.ps | hipercdecode -h
	    0:	 33%-12345X@PJL
	    f:	 @PJL RDYMSG DISPLAY = "Unknown"
	   30:	 @PJL SET OKIJOBACCOUNTJOB USERID="Unknown" JOBNAME="Unknown"
	   6e:	 @PJL SET OKIAUXJOBINFO DATA="DocumentName=Unknown"
	   a2:	 @PJL SET OKIAUXJOBINFO DATA="ComputerName=dual.rkkda.org"
	   dd:	 @PJL SET OKIAUXJOBINFO DATA="ReceptionTime=00:00:00 2008/01/30"
	  11e:	 @PJL SET OKIAUTOTRAYSWITCH=ON
	  13d:	 @PJL SET OKIPAPERSIZECHECK=ENABLE
	  160:	 @PJL SET RESOLUTION=600
	  179:	 @PJL SET PAPER=LETTER
	  190:	 @PJL SET OKITRAYSEQUENCE=PAPERFEEDTRAY
	  1b8:	 @PJL SET OKIPAPERFEED=TRAY1
	  1d5:	 @PJL SET OKIMEDIATYPE = PLAIN
	  1f4:	 @PJL SET LPARM:PCL OKIPRINTMARGIN=INCH1D6
	  21f:	 @PJL SET COPIES=1
	  232:	 @PJL SET QTY=1
	  242:	 @PJL SET HIPERCEFFECTIVEBLOCKSIZE=34799360
	  26e:	 @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE=HIPERC
	  289:	 RECTYPE 0 (len=52,0x34 cnt=1)
	  291:	      BLKNUM 0, nbie=1, pn=3 [black] uc=0,0, wid=4864 ud=0,100
	  2a5:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=20), uncompressed=1, bie:
		 DL = 48, D = 48, P = 49, - = 48, XY = 4864 x 6816
		 L0 = 256, MX = 0, MY = 0
		 Order	 = 0
		 Options = 0
		 1 stripes, 0 layers, 49 planes
	  2bd:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=1)
	  2c5:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	  2cd:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
	262d1:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=2)
	262d9:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	262e1:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
	4c2e5:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=3)
	4c2ed:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	4c2f5:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
	722f9:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=4)
	72301:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	72309:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
	9830d:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=5)
	98315:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	9831d:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
	be321:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=6)
	be329:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	be331:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
	e4335:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=7)
	e433d:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
	e4345:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       10a349:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=8)
       10a351:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       10a359:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       13035d:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=9)
       130365:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       13036d:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       156371:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=10)
       156379:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       156381:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       17c385:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=11)
       17c38d:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       17c395:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       1a2399:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=12)
       1a23a1:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       1a23a9:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       1c83ad:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=13)
       1c83b5:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       1c83bd:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       1ee3c1:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=14)
       1ee3c9:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       1ee3d1:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       2143d5:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=15)
       2143dd:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       2143e5:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       23a3e9:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=16)
       23a3f1:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       23a3f9:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       2603fd:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=17)
       260405:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       26040d:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       286411:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=18)
       286419:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       286421:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       2ac425:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=19)
       2ac42d:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       2ac435:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       2d2439:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=20)
       2d2441:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       2d2449:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       2f844d:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=21)
       2f8455:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       2f845d:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       31e461:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=22)
       31e469:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       31e471:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       344475:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=23)
       34447d:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       344485:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       36a489:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=24)
       36a491:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       36a499:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       39049d:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=25)
       3904a5:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       3904ad:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       3b64b1:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=155668,0x26014 cnt=26)
       3b64b9:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       3b64c1:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=155648), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       3dc4c5:	 RECTYPE 1 (len=97300,0x17c14 cnt=27)
       3dc4cd:	      BLKNUM 0 (len=4), plane=3, uc=0,0,0
       3dc4d5:	      BLKNUM 1 (len=97280), Data=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ...
       3f40d9:	 RECTYPE 255 (len=8,0x8 cnt=28)
       3f40e1:	 33%-12345X

FILES

       /usr/bin/hipercdecode

SEE ALSO

       foo2hiperc-wrapper(1), foo2hiperc(1)

AUTHOR

       Rick Richardson <rick.richardson@comcast.net>
       http://foo2hiperc.rkkda.com/
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