PDFBLUR(1)						      General Commands Manual							PDFBLUR(1)

NAME

       pdfblur - generate views for depth-of-field blurring

SYNOPSIS

       pdfblur aperture nsamp viewfile

DESCRIPTION

       Pdfblur takes the given viewfile and computes nsamp views based on an aperture diameter of aperture (in world coordinate units) and a focal
       distance equal to the length of the -vd view direction vector.  When rendered and averaged together, these views will result in	a  picture
       with  the  specified  depth of field.  Either pinterp(1) or rpict(1) may be called to do the actual work.  (The given viewfile must also be
       passed on the command line to the chosen renderer, since pdfblur provides supplemental view specifications only.)

       For pinterp, feed the output of pdfblur to the standard input of pinterp and apply the -B option to blur views together.  In most cases,  a
       single  picture	with  z-buffer is all that is required to get a satisfactory result, though the perfectionist may wish to apply three pic-
       tures arranged in a triangle about the aperature, or alternatively apply the -ff option together with the -fr option of pinterp.  (The lat-
       ter may actually work out to be faster, since rendering three views takes three times as long as a single view, and the -fr option will end
       up recomputing relatively few pixels by comparison.)

       To use pdfblur with rpict, apply the -S option to indicate a rendering sequence, and set the -o option with a formatted file name  to  save
       multiple  output pictures.  When all the renderings are finished, combine them with the pcomb(1) program, using appropriate scalefactors to
       achieve an average.  Note that using rpict is MUCH more expensive than using pinterp, and it is only recommended if the scene and  applica-
       tion absolutely demand it (e.g. there is prominent refraction that must be modeled accurately).

       For  both  pinterp and rpict, the computation time will be proportional to the number of views from pdfblur.  We have found a nsamp setting
       somewhere between 5 and 10 to be adequate for most images.  Relatively larger values are appropriate for larger aperatures.

       The -pd option of rpict may be used instead or in combination with or instead of pdfblur to blur depth-of-field.  If used  in  combination,
       it is best to set the -pd option to the overall aperture divided by nsamp to minimize ghosting in the output.

       To  simulate  a	particular camera's aperture, divide the focal length of the lens by the f-number, then convert to the corresponding world
       coordinate units.  For example, if you wish to simulate a 50mm lens at f/2.0 in a scene modeled in meters, then you divide 50mm by  2.0	to
       get 25mm, which corresponds to an effective aperture of 0.025 meters.

EXAMPLES

       To use pinterp to simulate an aperture of 0.5 inches on a lens focused at a distance of 57 inches:

	 rpict -vf myview -x 640 -y 480 -z orig.zbf scene.oct > orig.hdr
	 pdfblur 0.5 57 8 orig.hdr | pinterp -B -vf orig.hdr -x 640 -y 480 orig.hdr orig.zbf > blurry.hdr

       To use rpict exclusively to do the same:

	 pdfblur .5 57 5 myview | rpict -S 1 -vf myview -x 640 -y 480 -o view%d.hdr scene.oct
	 pcomb -s .2 view1.hdr -s .2 view2.hdr -s .2 view3.hdr -s .2 view4.hdr -s .2 view5.hdr > blurry.hdr

AUTHOR

       Greg Ward

BUGS

       This program really only works with perspective views.

SEE ALSO

       pcomb(1), pinterp(1), pmblur(1), pmdblur(1), rcalc(1), rpict(1), vwright(1)

RADIANCE
							      1/24/96								PDFBLUR(1)