READ(2) 						     Linux Programmer's Manual							   READ(2)

NAME

       read - read from a file descriptor

SYNOPSIS

       #include <unistd.h>

       ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);

DESCRIPTION

       read() attempts to read up to count bytes from file descriptor fd into the buffer starting at buf.

       If count is zero, read() returns zero and has no other results.	If count is greater than SSIZE_MAX, the result is unspecified.

RETURN VALUE

       On success, the number of bytes read is returned (zero indicates end of file), and the file position is advanced by this number.  It is not
       an error if this number is smaller than the number of bytes requested; this may happen for example because fewer bytes are actually  avail-
       able  right  now (maybe because we were close to end-of-file, or because we are reading from a pipe, or from a terminal), or because read()
       was interrupted by a signal.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately. In this case it is  left  unspecified  whether  the
       file position (if any) changes.

ERRORS

       EINTR  The call was interrupted by a signal before any data was read.

       EAGAIN Non-blocking I/O has been selected using O_NONBLOCK and no data was immediately available for reading.

       EIO    I/O  error.  This will happen for example when the process is in a background process group, tries to read from its controlling tty,
	      and either it is ignoring or blocking SIGTTIN or its process group is orphaned.  It may also occur when there  is  a  low-level  I/O
	      error while reading from a disk or tape.

       EISDIR fd refers to a directory.

       EBADF  fd is not a valid file descriptor or is not open for reading.

       EINVAL fd is attached to an object which is unsuitable for reading.

       EFAULT buf is outside your accessible address space.

       Other errors may occur, depending on the object connected to fd.  POSIX allows a read that is interrupted after reading some data to return
       -1 (with errno set to EINTR) or to return the number of bytes already read.

CONFORMING TO

       SVr4, SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3

RESTRICTIONS

       On NFS file systems, reading small amounts of data will only update the time stamp the first time, subsequent calls may not do so.  This is
       caused by client side attribute caching, because most if not all NFS clients leave atime updates to the server and client side reads satis-
       fied from the client's cache will not cause atime updates on the server as there are no server side reads.  UNIX semantics can be  obtained
       by disabling client side attribute caching, but in most situations this will substantially increase server load and decrease performance.

       Many  filesystems  and disks were considered to be fast enough that the implementation of O_NONBLOCK was deemed unneccesary. So, O_NONBLOCK
       may not be available on files and/or disks.

SEE ALSO

       close(2), fcntl(2), ioctl(2), lseek(2), readdir(2), readlink(2), select(2), write(2), fread(3), readv(3)

Linux 2.0.32							    1997-07-12								   READ(2)