02-16-2015
Yes I do agree with disedorgue here. From
man awk as follows.
Quote:
BEGIN and END are two special kinds of patterns which are not tested against the input. The action parts of all BEGIN patterns are merged as if all the statements had been written in a single BEGIN block. They are executed before any of the input is read.
Thanks,
R. Singh
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BEGIN(7) SQL Commands BEGIN(7)
NAME
BEGIN - start a transaction block
SYNOPSIS
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
where transaction_mode is one of:
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY
DESCRIPTION
BEGIN initiates a transaction block, that is, all statements after a BEGIN command will be executed in a single transaction until an
explicit COMMIT [commit(7)] or ROLLBACK [rollback(7)] is given. By default (without BEGIN), PostgreSQL executes transactions in ``autocom-
mit'' mode, that is, each statement is executed in its own transaction and a commit is implicitly performed at the end of the statement (if
execution was successful, otherwise a rollback is done).
Statements are executed more quickly in a transaction block, because transaction start/commit requires significant CPU and disk activity.
Execution of multiple statements inside a transaction is also useful to ensure consistency when making several related changes: other ses-
sions will be unable to see the intermediate states wherein not all the related updates have been done.
If the isolation level or read/write mode is specified, the new transaction has those characteristics, as if SET TRANSACTION [set_transac-
tion(7)] was executed.
PARAMETERS
WORK
TRANSACTION
Optional key words. They have no effect.
Refer to SET TRANSACTION [set_transaction(7)] for information on the meaning of the other parameters to this statement.
NOTES
START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)] has the same functionality as BEGIN.
Use COMMIT [commit(7)] or ROLLBACK [rollback(7)] to terminate a transaction block.
Issuing BEGIN when already inside a transaction block will provoke a warning message. The state of the transaction is not affected. To
nest transactions within a transaction block, use savepoints (see SAVEPOINT [savepoint(7)]).
For reasons of backwards compatibility, the commas between successive transaction_modes can be omitted.
EXAMPLES
To begin a transaction block:
BEGIN;
COMPATIBILITY
BEGIN is a PostgreSQL language extension. It is equivalent to the SQL-standard command START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)], whose ref-
erence page contains additional compatibility information.
Incidentally, the BEGIN key word is used for a different purpose in embedded SQL. You are advised to be careful about the transaction
semantics when porting database applications.
SEE ALSO
COMMIT [commit(7)], ROLLBACK [rollback(7)], START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)], SAVEPOINT [savepoint(7)]
SQL - Language Statements 2010-05-14 BEGIN(7)